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Related Concept Videos

Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
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Convergent pathways in Parkinson's disease.

Marta Cherubini1, Richard Wade-Martins2

  • 1Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Le Gros Clark Building, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.

Cell and Tissue Research
|October 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Parkinson's disease selectively damages dopamine neurons due to their unique physiology. Cellular mechanisms like protein clearance issues and stress contribute to this neuronal vulnerability and loss.

Keywords:
AutophagyCalciumDopamine neuronsIntracellular traffickingParkinson’s disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine neurons (DAn) in the midbrain.
  • The unique cellular physiology and architecture of DAn are thought to contribute to their vulnerability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of cellular mechanisms exacerbating DAn sensitivity and loss in PD.
  • To highlight the synergistic contribution of various cellular dysfunctions to PD pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cellular mechanisms in PD.
  • Focus on protein sorting and clearance, endoplasmic reticulum stress, calcium homeostasis, and intracellular trafficking.

Main Results:

  • Defective protein sorting and clearance contribute to DAn vulnerability.
  • Endoplasmic reticulum stress and calcium dyshomeostasis exacerbate neuronal dysfunction.
  • Impaired intracellular trafficking plays a synergistic role in PD pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular mechanisms including protein handling, ER stress, calcium balance, and trafficking are critical in PD.
  • These interconnected cellular dysfunctions synergistically drive DAn degeneration in Parkinson's disease.