Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs
08:58

Development of a Neonatal Piglet Acute Lung Injury Model Recreating the Early Environment of Preterm Infant Lungs

Published on: October 31, 2025

683

Sleep disordered breathing in bronchopulmonary dysplasia

Luis E Ortiz1, Sharon A McGrath-Morrow1, Laura M Sterni1

  • 1Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.

Pediatric Pulmonology
|October 25, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is linked to sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in children. Severity of BPD, smoke exposure, and race impact SDB, which improves with age but remains elevated.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Limited data exist on the impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) on sleep disordered breathing (SDB).
  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease affecting premature infants.
  • Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) encompasses conditions like sleep apnea and hypoventilation during sleep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and the likelihood of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in early childhood.
  • To explore demographic factors influencing the development of SDB in children with BPD.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of patient data and overnight polysomnogram (PSG) results from a BPD registry (2008-2015).
  • Utilized multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between PSG findings and patient variables.
  • Included 140 children with BPD who underwent at least one sleep study.

Main Results:

  • Elevated respiratory disturbance index (RDI) observed in the BPD population (mean 9.9 events/hr).
  • Increased severity of respiratory disease correlated with more central events.
  • Secondhand smoke exposure was linked to lower oxygen saturation nadirs and more desaturation events.
  • Racial differences noted: non-white subjects had higher obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI), while white subjects had more central events.

Conclusions:

  • The study population with BPD exhibited elevated RDI compared to non-preterm norms.
  • BPD severity, environmental smoke exposure, and race are potential factors exacerbating SDB.
  • While RDI improved with age, it remained elevated by age 4, indicating a persistent risk for SDB sequelae in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Sleep Apnea syndromespolysomnogrampremature infantssleep

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Traditional Chinese Medicine for Sleep Disorders in Acute COPD — A Safe, Cost-Effective Approach04:53

Author Spotlight: Traditional Chinese Medicine for Sleep Disorders in Acute COPD — A Safe, Cost-Effective Approach

Published on: October 18, 2024

1.5K
Author Spotlight: Utilizing Traditional Chinese Acupuncture of the Ear to Improve Sleep Disorders05:34

Author Spotlight: Utilizing Traditional Chinese Acupuncture of the Ear to Improve Sleep Disorders

Published on: August 18, 2023

3.6K

Related Concept Videos

Breathing01:05

Breathing

The process of breathing, inhaling and exhaling, involves the coordinated movement of the chest wall, the lungs, and the muscles that move them. Two muscle groups with important roles in breathing are the diaphragm, located directly below the lungs, and the intercostal muscles, which lie between the ribs. When the diaphragm contracts, it moves downward, increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity and creating more room for the lungs to expand. When the intercostal muscles contract, the ribs...
64.8K
Alterations in Respiration II01:30

Alterations in Respiration II

There are numerous types of normal and abnormal respiration. Based on ventilatory movements, breathing patterns are classified as regular, deep, or shallow. Examples include Biot's breathing, Cheyne-Stokes respiration, Kussmaul's breathing, hyperventilation, and hypoventilation. Each pattern is clinically significant and aids in evaluating patients.
In Biot's breathing, the respiratory rate and depth are irregular, alternating between periods of deep gasping and apnea. Common causes...
1.9K
Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion01:30

Respiratory System Abnormal Finding I: Inspection and Percussion

Respiratory system abnormalities are a significant concern in healthcare due to their potential to indicate underlying severe conditions like Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma, and pneumonia. These abnormalities can often be detected through physical examination methods like inspection and percussion.
Inspection Findings
During an inspection, several findings may suggest the presence of respiratory distress or disease. Pursed-lip breathing, where exhalation is slowed by...
889
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
1.7K
Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation01:17

Pulmonary Cycle: Exhalation

In terms of human respiration, the act of expelling air, known as exhalation (or expiration), operates on the principle of pressure gradients. During expiration, the pressure within the lungs exceeds that of the surrounding atmosphere. Under normal conditions, quiet breathing involves passive exhalation and is free of muscular contractions. This is because the exhalation process is driven by the natural elastic recoil of the lungs and chest wall, both of which have an inherent tendency to...
3.9K
Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection01:27

Physical Assessment of the Respiratory Tract II: Inspection

Physical assessment of the respiratory tract through inspection is a crucial step in understanding the patient's respiratory health. It provides insights into the functioning of the respiratory system, the musculoskeletal structure, and even the patient's nutritional status. This comprehensive approach involves observing several vital aspects: chest configuration, breathing patterns, respiratory rates, skin color, and use of accessory muscles.
Chest Configuration
The chest configuration...
971