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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
Compact chromatin makes reprogramming difficult. Enzymes, such as histone demethylases and acetyltransferases, are often added during reprogramming to loosen the chromatin, making the DNA more accessible to transcription factors. Molecules that inhibit histone...
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Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers
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Single-molecule Manipulation of G-quadruplexes by Magnetic Tweezers

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Local epigenetic reprogramming induced by G-quadruplex ligands.

Guillaume Guilbaud1, Pierre Murat2,3, Bénédicte Recolin1

  • 1MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.

Nature Chemistry
|October 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Targeting DNA secondary structures, like G-quadruplexes, offers a novel way to reprogram gene activity locally. This approach avoids broad epigenetic changes, enabling precise control over gene expression with potential therapeutic benefits.

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Single-Molecule Fluorescence Visualization of DNA Polymerase Dynamics at G-Quadruplexes
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers
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Repressing Gene Transcription by Redirecting Cellular Machinery with Chemical Epigenetic Modifiers

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene activity is regulated by DNA and histone modifications, key targets for epigenetic therapies.
  • Current epigenetic therapies can cause widespread, unintended gene reprogramming.
  • DNA replication disruption can alter epigenetic information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if impeding DNA replication via G-quadruplex stabilization can induce locus-specific epigenetic plasticity.
  • To screen for small molecules that trigger G-quadruplex-dependent transcriptional reprogramming.
  • To explore a new strategy for targeted epigenetic reprogramming.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the BU-1 locus in chicken DT40 cells for small molecule screening.
  • Stabilized G-quadruplex structures using small molecules to impede DNA replication.
  • Characterized the epigenetic changes induced by the top-hit compound.

Main Results:

  • Impeding DNA replication through G-quadruplex stabilization induced local epigenetic plasticity.
  • A top-hit compound dose-dependently inactivated BU-1 expression.
  • BU-1 inactivation occurred in two steps: loss of H3K4me3 followed by DNA cytosine methylation.
  • These epigenetic changes were heritable across cell divisions, even after compound removal.

Conclusions:

  • Targeting DNA secondary structures offers a new approach for locus-specific epigenetic reprogramming.
  • This method provides a potentially safer alternative to global epigenetic therapies.
  • Heritable, locus-specific gene silencing was achieved by targeting DNA secondary structures.