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Suicide Lethality: A Concept Analysis.

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Suicide lethality is distinct from suicidal behavior, with completed suicides often lacking prior indicators like a plan. Clarifying this concept is crucial for suicide prevention strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Public Health
  • Nursing Research

Background:

  • Suicide is a global health crisis with varying risk factors and behaviors between completed and non-fatal attempts.
  • Understanding the nuances of suicide lethality is essential for effective intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the concept of suicide lethality.
  • To propose a clear definition of suicide lethality by identifying its antecedents, attributes, and consequences.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 1970 to 2016 across multiple databases.
  • Walker and Avant's six-stage concept analysis method was applied to the findings.
  • Bibliographies of included studies were reviewed for additional relevant citations.

Main Results:

  • The analysis distinguished between suicide, lethality, suicidal behavior, and suicide lethality.
  • Key findings indicate that completed suicides, within the defined scope of suicide lethality, often do not involve a prior suicide plan or note.
  • Existing scales measure suicide attempt lethality, but not the broader concept of suicide lethality as analyzed.

Conclusions:

  • A refined understanding of suicide lethality highlights diverse suicidal behaviors linked to different outcomes.
  • This clarification is vital for developing targeted nursing interventions and informing clinical practice.
  • A precise definition of suicide lethality will guide future research and policy development in suicide prevention.