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Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

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The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
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A typical vertebra, with the exception of the sacrum and coccyx, consists of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven different projections termed processes. The anterior portion of the vertebrae, the body, supports about half the body’s weight. The vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness from the cervical region to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. The intervertebral discs present between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae firmly unites them, forming a continuous...
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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Evaluation of Patients' Posture and Gait Profile After Lumbar Fusion Surgery by Video Rasterstereography and Treadmill Gait Analysis
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Spine Registries: Where Do We Stand?

Ian D Kaye1, Joseph S Butler, Patrick B Morrissey

  • 1Rothman Institute at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA.

Clinical Spine Surgery
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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Healthcare cost containment necessitates value-based payment models, supported by surgical registries. These registries document real-world effectiveness and patient outcomes, guiding reform and demonstrating surgical value.

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Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Medical Informatics
  • Surgical Outcomes

Background:

  • Rising healthcare costs necessitate a shift from volume-based to value-based payment models.
  • Accurate understanding of costs and outcomes is crucial for successful healthcare reform.
  • Key organizations advocate for registries to assess real-world surgical effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the essential components of a well-designed surgical registry.
  • To provide examples of existing spine registries and their impact.
  • To highlight the role of registries in defining and demonstrating surgical value.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature and existing spine registries.
  • Analysis of registry components contributing to data quality and utility.
  • Case examples illustrating the influence of registries on healthcare delivery and policy.

Main Results:

  • Spine registries have expanded over the last decade, creating valuable evidence repositories.
  • Well-designed registries capture efficacy and patient-reported outcomes.
  • Registries provide data to support value-based healthcare initiatives.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical registries are vital tools for understanding real-world effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.
  • Registries facilitate the transition to value-based care by providing robust outcome data.
  • The continued development and utilization of registries are essential for informed healthcare reform.