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Multi-input and Multi-variable systems01:22

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Cruise control systems in cars are designed as multi-input systems to maintain a driver's desired speed while compensating for external disturbances such as changes in terrain. The block diagram for a cruise control system typically includes two main inputs: the desired speed set by the driver and any external disturbances, such as the incline of the road. By adjusting the engine throttle, the system maintains the vehicle's speed as close to the desired value as possible.
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Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
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Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

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A Markovian model of evolving world input-output network.

Vahid Moosavi1, Giulio Isacchini2

  • 1Chair for Computer Aided Architectural Design, Department of Architecture, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.

Plos One
|October 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study uses Markov chains to analyze global economic networks from 1995-2011. It reveals how economic shifts impact globalization, structural power, and systemic risk, finding paradoxical effects on monetary flow.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline
10:44

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Economic Network Analysis
  • Mathematical Economics
  • Complex Systems

Background:

  • Theoretical links between Leontief input-output models and Markov chains date to the 1950s.
  • Previous research has not fully explored evolving world economies using Markov chain formalism.
  • Recent availability of world input-output data enables new investigations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of the world economic network from 1995 to 2011.
  • To apply Markov chain properties to analyze economic globalization, structural power, and systemic risk.
  • To assess the impact of economic node activity changes on global monetary flow.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of a time series of finite Markov chains using world input-output data (1995-2011).
  • Assessment of Markov chain properties: mixing time, Kemeny constant, steady state probabilities, and perturbation analysis.
  • Introduction of new measures for systemic risk: systemic influence and systemic fragility.

Main Results:

  • Mixing times and Kemeny constants serve as aggregate globalization indices.
  • Steady state probabilities offer a measure of structural economic power, comparable to GDP.
  • Systemic influence and fragility measures quantify economic network risk.
  • A paradoxical effect was observed: slowdowns in some high-power economies improve network connectivity and monetary flow.

Conclusions:

  • Markov chain analysis provides novel insights into global economic network dynamics.
  • The study quantifies globalization, structural power, and systemic risk within the world economy.
  • Economic network behavior exhibits complex, sometimes counterintuitive, responses to changes in node activity.