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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

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Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Retroviral Transduction of Helper T Cells as a Genetic Approach to Study Mechanisms Controlling their Differentiation and Function
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Retroviral Transduction of Helper T Cells as a Genetic Approach to Study Mechanisms Controlling their Differentiation and Function

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Molecular control of regulatory T cell development and function.

Yohko Kitagawa1, Shimon Sakaguchi1

  • 1Department of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Japan.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|October 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T (Treg) cells, crucial for immune tolerance, have unique genetic and epigenetic features. These characteristics, developed during Treg cell maturation, influence susceptibility to autoimmune diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Regulatory T (Treg) cells expressing the transcription factor Foxp3 are vital for maintaining immunological tolerance and homeostasis.
  • Recent research highlights unique transcriptional and epigenetic profiles in Foxp3+ natural Treg cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the unique transcriptional and epigenetic features of Foxp3+ natural Treg cells.
  • To understand how these features are acquired during Treg cell development and maintained.
  • To explore the role of genomic variations in Treg cell function and autoimmune disease susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide studies
  • Transcriptional profiling
  • Epigenetic analysis
  • Analysis of Treg cell development and function

Main Results:

  • Foxp3+ natural Treg cells exhibit distinct transcriptional and epigenetic characteristics.
  • These features are acquired during Treg cell development and persist throughout their lifespan.
  • Genomic variations impacting Treg cell development and function are linked to autoimmune disease susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • The unique genomic and epigenetic landscape of Treg cells is critical for their function.
  • Understanding these features provides insights into the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting Treg cell development or function may offer therapeutic strategies for autoimmune conditions.