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Evaluating the Function of the Foot Core System in the Elderly
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Two-Segment Foot Model for the Biomechanical Analysis of Squat.

E Panero1, L Gastaldi1, W Rapp2

  • 1Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy.

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This study reveals distinct foot roles during squats, with the hindfoot bearing more weight than previously modeled. This two-segment foot analysis offers new insights into squat biomechanics.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Human Movement Analysis
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • The squat exercise is popular for health benefits and sports relevance.
  • Previous research on lower limb biomechanics during squats has limitations.
  • A detailed analysis of the foot's contribution is needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the foot's contribution during a partial body weight squat.
  • To utilize a two-segment foot model (forefoot and hindfoot) articulated by the midtarsal joint.
  • To compare findings with traditional biomechanical models.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a two-segment foot model.
  • Utilized motion capture, force plates, and inverse dynamics.
  • Collected data from five subjects performing three squat trials each.

Main Results:

  • The midtarsal joint showed a peak dorsiflexion of 4°.
  • Forefoot exhibited varied supination (4°) and pronation (2.5°) strategies.
  • Vertical ground reaction force distribution differed from the traditional model, with the hindfoot bearing a higher percentage of body weight (up to 40%) compared to the forefoot (10%).

Conclusions:

  • The two-segment foot model provides a more nuanced understanding of foot biomechanics during squats.
  • Findings challenge the traditional model's assumption of equal forefoot and hindfoot loading.
  • Ankle joint moments and power absorption/generation were comparable to the one-segment model.