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Radiological investigations, including X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans, are critical for diagnosing and evaluating various medical conditions. These imaging techniques provide valuable insights into the body's internal structures, aiding in the detection of abnormalities, assessment of disease progression, and development of treatment strategies. This article delves into two primary radiological investigations, chest X-rays and CT scans, outlining their purpose, procedures, and...
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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

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ICRP Publication 135: Diagnostic Reference Levels in Medical Imaging.

E Vañó, D L Miller, C J Martin

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    Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) help optimize patient radiation protection in medical imaging. This guidance clarifies DRL definitions, application, and updates for new technologies and pediatric imaging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Radiological Protection
    • Medical Imaging
    • Radiation Safety

    Background:

    • The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) introduced Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) in 1996.
    • DRLs are established tools for optimizing patient radiation protection during diagnostic and interventional procedures.
    • Previous guidance requires updates regarding terminology, value determination, re-evaluation intervals, clinical application, and newer imaging technologies.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To provide updated guidance on Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs).
    • To clarify terminology, DRL determination, and re-evaluation intervals.
    • To offer recommendations for DRL application in interventional and pediatric imaging, and for emerging technologies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review and clarification of existing DRL concepts and terminology.
    • Recommendations for specific quantities to be used as DRLs across various imaging modalities.
    • Guidance on practical application, including modifications for automated reporting and integration into training programs.

    Main Results:

    • Clarified terminology related to Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs).
    • Recommended specific quantities for DRLs in diverse imaging modalities, including interventional and pediatric procedures.
    • Suggested improvements for DRL surveys utilizing automated data reporting.

    Conclusions:

    • Updated guidance is essential for the effective use of Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs).
    • The recommendations aim to enhance the practical application of DRLs in clinical settings.
    • Incorporating DRL information into training programs is crucial for healthcare professionals.