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Related Concept Videos

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment01:22

Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Dementia01:30

Dementia

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

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Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Related Experiment Video

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Hybrid PET/MRI Imaging of Alzheimer's Disease Based on 18F-AV-1451
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Alzheimer's drug-development pipeline: 2016.

Jeffrey Cummings1, Travis Morstorf2, Garam Lee1

  • 1Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA.

Alzheimer'S & Dementia (New York, N. Y.)
|October 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence is increasing, necessitating novel therapeutic interventions.
  • The urgent need for effective Alzheimer's disease treatments drives research and development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the landscape of Alzheimer's disease drug development trials.
  • To characterize agents and targets in various phases of clinical investigation for AD.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of clinical trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov (accessed January 4, 2016).
  • Categorization of trials by phase (I, II, III) and agent type (symptomatic, disease-modifying).

Main Results:

  • 36 Phase III trials involve 24 agents, with 17 disease-modifying treatments (DMTs) primarily targeting amyloid (76%).
Keywords:
Alzheimer's diseaseAmyloidBiomarkersCognitive enhancementDrug developmentPhase IPhase IIPhase IIITau

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  • 52 Phase II trials assess 45 agents, including 30 DMTs (26 small molecules, 4 immunotherapies).
  • 24 agents are in Phase I development for Alzheimer's disease.
  • Conclusions:

    • Amyloid-centric strategies dominate late-stage Alzheimer's drug development.
    • The limited number of agents in clinical trials indicates a need to expand the AD drug discovery pipeline.