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Related Concept Videos

Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

A Method of Trigonometric Modelling of Seasonal Variation Demonstrated with Multiple Sclerosis Relapse Data
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Physiological serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations are associated with improved thyroid function-observations

Naghmeh Mirhosseini1, Ludovic Brunel2, Giovanna Muscogiuri3

  • 1Pure North S'Energy Foundation, 326 11th Avenue SW, Suite 800, Calgary, AB, T2R 0C5, Canada.

Endocrine
|October 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D supplementation may improve thyroid function and reduce the risk of hypothyroidism and thyroid disease. Optimal levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) may require concentrations above 125 nmol/L for best results.

Keywords:
25-Hydroxyvitamin DAnti-thyroid antibodiesAutoimmune thyroidHypothyroidismThyroid functionVitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Vitamin D deficiency is linked to increased risk of hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroid disease.
  • Investigating the impact of vitamin D on thyroid health is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the influence of vitamin D supplementation on thyroid function.
  • To assess the effect of vitamin D on anti-thyroid antibody levels.

Main Methods:

  • An intent-to-treat analysis compared 11,017 participants' thyroid function and vitamin D levels (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D) at baseline and follow-up (12 ± 3 months).
  • A nested case-control design examined thyroid function in hypothyroid individuals versus euthyroid controls over one year.
  • Vitamin D supplementation aimed for serum 25(OH)D concentrations >100 nmol/L.

Main Results:

  • Over 72% achieved serum 25(OH)D >100 nmol/L, with 20% exceeding 125 nmol/L.
  • Higher vitamin D levels (≥125 nmol/L) were associated with a 30% reduced risk of hypothyroidism and a 32% reduced risk of elevated anti-thyroid antibodies.
  • Hypothyroid participants showed higher follow-up serum 25(OH)D, predicting improved thyroid function.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal thyroid function may necessitate serum 25(OH)D concentrations >125 nmol/L.
  • Vitamin D supplementation presents a safe and cost-effective strategy for enhancing thyroid function.
  • Supplementation may offer protective benefits against the development of thyroid disease.