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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Vaccines and multiple sclerosis.

J L Frederiksen¹, M Topsøe Mailand¹

¹Department of Neurology, Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Clinic of Multiple Sclerosis, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

|October 26, 2017

Summary

Vaccinations are generally safe for individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) and optic neuritis (ON), except for the yellow fever vaccine. Further research is needed to definitively rule out any causal links.

Keywords:

multiple sclerosis optic neuritis vaccination

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Vaccinology

Background:

The potential link between vaccinations and the onset or relapse of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains a subject of ongoing debate.
Optic neuritis (ON) is another neurological condition where vaccination associations have been investigated.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a comprehensive literature review to assess the safety of vaccinations in patients with MS and ON.
To evaluate existing evidence regarding potential associations between vaccinations and neurological conditions like MS and ON.

Main Methods:

A thorough literature search was performed using PubMed.
Included 51 studies on MS and 15 studies on ON, excluding case studies.
Focused on studies investigating vaccination and neurological disease onset or relapse.

Main Results:

Most vaccinations appear safe for untreated patients diagnosed with MS and ON.
The live yellow fever vaccine is a notable exception requiring caution.
One study indicated a potentially reduced risk of MS following BCG vaccination after a first demyelinating event.
The majority of reviewed studies were underpowered, preventing the exclusion of minor risks.

Conclusions:

Current evidence suggests vaccinations are largely safe for individuals with MS and ON, with specific exceptions.
Further high-quality research is necessary to conclusively determine the absence of any causal relationship between vaccinations and these neurological conditions.
The potential protective effect of BCG vaccination warrants additional investigation.