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Related Concept Videos

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

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Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
Many proteins in the cell are regulated by phosphorylation, the addition of a phosphate group. A family of enzymes called kinases...
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Phosphorylation01:02

Phosphorylation

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
During phosphorylation, protein kinases transfer the terminal phosphate group of ATP to specific amino acid side chains of substrate proteins. Serine, threonine, and tyrosine are the most commonly...
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Phosphoinositides and PIPs01:42

Phosphoinositides and PIPs

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Phosphoinositides are a group of phospholipids containing a glycerol backbone with two fatty acid chains and a phosphate attached to a myoinositol sugar ring. The inositol head group extends into the cytoplasm, where it is modified by adding phosphate groups to form phosphatidylinositol phosphates or PIPs.
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Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

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Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway
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Mechanism of Kemeng Fang's Inhibition of Podocyte Apoptosis in Rats with Membranous Nephropathy through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway

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Protein phosphatases and podocyte function.

Pedro Geraldes1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Université de Sherbrooke, Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada.

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|October 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein phosphatases critically regulate podocyte protective factors. Dysregulation contributes to podocyte injury and glomerular diseases, highlighting phosphatases as therapeutic targets for kidney disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Signaling

Background:

  • Podocyte injury involves deregulation of protective factor signaling pathways.
  • Protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases are key regulators of cellular function in podocytes.
  • Altered phosphorylation of podocyte factors contributes to glomerular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on how protein phosphatases modulate podocyte protective factors.
  • To explore the role of protein phosphatases in podocyte injury mechanisms.
  • To discuss the implications for understanding and treating glomerular diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on podocyte signaling and protein phosphatases.
  • Analysis of studies investigating the impact of specific phosphatases (e.g., SHP-2, PTP1B, SHP-1, SHIP2) on podocyte function.
  • Examination of the link between insulin resistance, diabetic kidney disease, and podocyte phosphatases.

Main Results:

  • Protein phosphatase activity differentially affects nephrin tyrosine phosphorylation, influencing podocyte injury.
  • Specific phosphatases (PTP1B, SHP-1, PTEN, SHIP2) are implicated in podocyte insulin resistance in diabetic kidney disease.
  • Modulation of podocyte factors by phosphatases contributes to cell damage and death.

Conclusions:

  • Tight regulation of protein phosphatases is essential for maintaining podocyte homeostasis.
  • Targeting protein phosphatases may offer novel therapeutic strategies to restore protective factor actions.
  • Restoring normal phosphatase activity could prevent podocyte dysfunction and glomerular diseases.