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Lung, Bladder, and Kidney Cancer Mortality 40 Years After Arsenic Exposure Reduction.

Allan H Smith¹, Guillermo Marshall², Taehyun Roh¹

¹Arsenic Health Effects Research Group, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA.

Journal of the National Cancer Institute

|October 26, 2017

Summary

Arsenic in drinking water, particularly in Chile, shows very long cancer latencies, with elevated lung, bladder, and kidney cancer risks persisting up to 40 years after exposure reduction. This highlights arsenic as a potential human carcinogen with exceptionally long latency periods.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Toxicology
Epidemiology

Background:

Region II, Chile, experienced a significant increase in arsenic water concentrations in 1958.
An arsenic removal plant installed in 1970 led to a substantial reduction in exposure.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate long-term mortality effects of arsenic exposure in Region II, Chile.
To analyze cancer latency periods following a reduction in arsenic exposure.

Main Methods:

Comparative mortality analysis of Region II versus the rest of Chile (2001-2010).
Comparison with unexposed Region V from 1950-2010.
Calculation of rate ratios (RRs) for various cancers and conditions.

Main Results:

Elevated lung, bladder, and kidney cancer mortality rates persisted in Region II up to 2010.
Lung cancer RRs were 3.38 (men) and 2.41 (women); bladder cancer RRs were 4.79 (men) and 6.43 (women).
Kidney cancer RRs were 1.75 (men) and 2.09 (women); earlier myocardial infarction increases subsided.

Conclusions:

Arsenic exposure through drinking water is associated with very long cancer latencies.
Increased risks for lung, bladder, and kidney cancers manifest up to 40 years after exposure reduction.
Arsenic may represent a human carcinogen with one of the longest latency periods.