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Related Experiment Video

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A Guide to In vivo Single-unit Recording from Optogenetically Identified Cortical Inhibitory Interneurons
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Cortical Interneurons Differentially Shape Frequency Tuning following Adaptation.

Ryan G Natan1, Winnie Rao1, Maria N Geffen1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology: HNS and Department of Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Cell Reports
|October 26, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Distinct inhibitory interneurons in the auditory cortex (AC) differentially shape neuronal responses to sound. Somatostatin-positive (SOM) interneuron activity dynamically alters frequency tuning during auditory adaptation.

Keywords:
adaptationarchaerhodopsinauditory cortexauditory processingcortical processingfrequency tuninginhibitioninterneuronsoptogenetics

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Cortex Research
  • Cellular Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Neuronal stimulus selectivity relies on excitatory-inhibitory interactions.
  • Parvalbumin-positive (PV) and somatostatin-positive (SOM) interneurons in the auditory cortex differentially regulate excitatory neuron responses.
  • Neural responses to auditory stimuli are influenced by prior stimulus exposure (adaptation).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how PV and SOM interneurons modulate auditory cortex neuron responses.
  • To determine the differential roles of PV and SOM interneurons in auditory adaptation.
  • To examine the impact of SOM and PV inhibition on frequency tuning during adaptation.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo electrophysiology in the auditory cortex.
  • Optogenetic manipulation of PV and SOM interneuron activity.
  • Analysis of excitatory neuron spiking activity and frequency tuning before and after auditory adaptation.

Main Results:

  • The inhibitory effects of SOM and PV interneurons diverged after auditory adaptation.
  • Suppressing SOM inhibition led to disinhibition and enhanced frequency tuning, while suppressing PV inhibition caused varied effects.
  • SOM-driven inhibition, but not PV-driven inhibition, dynamically modulated frequency tuning during adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct interneuron populations (PV and SOM) differentially regulate sensory processing in the auditory cortex.
  • SOM interneurons play a critical role in dynamically adjusting frequency selectivity during auditory adaptation.
  • These findings highlight the specialized functions of interneurons in shaping neuronal receptive fields and sensory perception.