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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Intradermal Inoculation of Mycobacterium avium in the Mouse Ear
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[Nontuberculous mycobacterial infections].

A Nowag1,2, M Platten3,4, G Plum2

  • 1Klinische Infektiologie, Labor Dr. Wisplinghoff, Horbeller Straße 18-20, 50858, Köln, Deutschland.

Zeitschrift Fur Rheumatologie
|October 27, 2017
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Summary

Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections are increasing globally. This review explores how rheumatoid arthritis and TNF inhibitor therapies impact NTM susceptibility and immune responses.

Keywords:
ImmunotherapyInterferon-γInterleukin-12Rheumatoid arthritisTumor necrosis factor-α

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental microbes with increasing incidence of human infection.
  • Host susceptibility, exposure frequency/duration, and immune status influence NTM disease risk.
  • Conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and immunosuppressive therapies elevate NTM infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex immune response to NTM infections.
  • To examine intrinsic and iatrogenic factors predisposing individuals to NTM disease.
  • To specifically focus on the role of rheumatoid arthritis in NTM susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of NTM pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions.
  • Analysis of immune pathways involving key cytokines (IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ).
  • Examination of the impact of targeted immunotherapies, particularly TNF inhibitors, on NTM risk.

Main Results:

  • The immune response to NTM involves intricate interplay of phagocytes and lymphoid cells, regulated by IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ.
  • TNF inhibitors disrupt these critical immune pathways, significantly increasing NTM infection risk.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis is identified as a significant risk factor for NTM infections.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the immune response to NTM is crucial for managing infections in susceptible populations.
  • Rheumatoid arthritis and TNF-targeted therapies necessitate careful consideration of NTM infection risk.
  • Further research into host-pathogen interactions can inform preventative and therapeutic strategies for NTM disease.