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Related Concept Videos

Flow Cytometry01:23

Flow Cytometry

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The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
In...
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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency...
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Molecular Diffusion in Plasma Membranes of Primary Lymphocytes Measured by Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
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Flow Cytometry Assays in Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases.

Maurice R G O'Gorman1

  • 1Departments of Pathology and Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles and the Keck School of Medicine, U. of Southern California, 4650 Sunset Blvd., MS #43, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA. mogorman@chla.usc.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Primary immunodeficiency diseases are diverse genetic defects impacting the immune system. Flow cytometry offers rapid, specific, and cost-effective screening for these conditions, complementing genetic testing.

Keywords:
Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome (ALPS)Flow cytometryLymphocyte subsetsOxidative burstPrimary immunodeficiency diseaseRoutine immunophenotypingX-linked hyper IgM syndrome (XHIM) CD40 ligand

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Genetics
  • Medical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Primary immunodeficiency diseases (PIDs) stem from genetic defects impairing immune system development or function.
  • Over 100 new PIDs have been classified since 2011, driven by advancements in genomic technologies.
  • Genetic mutations are the definitive diagnostic marker, but DNA sequencing can be time-consuming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key flow cytometry procedures for diagnosing primary immunodeficiency diseases.
  • To highlight rapid, specific, and cost-effective screening methods for PIDs.
  • To categorize diagnostic approaches based on immune abnormalities: subset, marker, and function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of four distinct flow cytometry procedures.
  • Focus on screening for immune subset abnormalities.
  • Focus on screening for immune marker abnormalities.
  • Focus on screening for immune function abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Flow cytometry provides rapid, specific, and relatively inexpensive screening for PID-associated abnormalities.
  • The reviewed procedures cover broad categories of immune dysfunction.
  • These methods aid in the diagnosis of diverse genetic defects causing PIDs.

Conclusions:

  • Flow cytometry is a valuable tool for the rapid diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency diseases.
  • The reviewed procedures offer efficient screening for immune subset, marker, and function abnormalities.
  • Advancements in flow cytometry complement genomic technologies in PID diagnostics.