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Related Concept Videos

Rab Cascades01:25

Rab Cascades

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Rab GTPases act in a regulated cascade during membrane fusion, helping the lipid bilayers mix. The Rab family of proteins are active when bound to GTP, and inactive when bound to GDP. Hence, they act as guanine nucleotide-dependent molecular switches. Rab-GTP recognizes and binds to long or short-range tethering proteins to capture the target vesicle. These tethers coordinate with SNAREs on the vesicle and the target membrane to assemble the trans SNARE complex that locks the mixing bilayers.
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Rab Proteins01:14

Rab Proteins

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Rab proteins constitute the largest family of monomeric GTPases, of which 70 members are present in humans. Rab proteins and their effectors regulate consecutive stages of vesicle transport such as vesicle transport, docking, and fusion to the correct recipient membrane.
Rab proteins switch between a cytosolic, GDP-bound inactive state and a membrane-anchored, GTP-bound active state. By themselves, Rabs show slow rates of GDP/GTP exchange and GTP hydrolysis. Thus, Rab proteins are considered...
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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Small GTPases - Ras and Rho01:24

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Ras and Rho are small monomeric GTPases that act downstream of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and regulate various cellular processes. These GTPases switch between active and inactive states by binding to guanine nucleotides.
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Mechanism of Filopodia Formation01:39

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Filopodia are thin, actin-rich cellular protrusions that play an important role in many fundamental cellular functions. They vary in their occurrence, length, and positioning in different cell types, suggesting their diverse roles.
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Mechanism of Lamellipodia Formation01:31

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Cells migrating in response to external stimuli form lamellipodia, which are thin membrane protrusions supported by a mesh of linked, branched, or unbranched actin filaments. These actin filaments interact with myosin motor proteins, creating the dynamic actomyosin complex within the cytoskeleton. Contractility, or the ability to generate contractile stress, is inherent to the actomyosin complex. It helps cells detect the stiffness of the surrounding ECM and exert contractile force for...
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Evaluation of Planar-Cell-Polarity Phenotypes in Ciliopathy Mouse Mutant Cochlea
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Rab GTPases in cilium formation and function.

Oliver E Blacque1, Noemie Scheidel1, Stefanie Kuhns1

  • 1a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland.

Small Gtpases
|October 27, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Rab proteins are crucial for cilia function, impacting cell motility and development. This review details their roles in various organisms, highlighting key mechanisms and potential disease links.

Keywords:
Rab GTPasesciliaciliary membrane traffickingciliopathiesintraflagellar transport

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cilia are vital microtubule-based organelles involved in cell motility, sensation, and signaling.
  • Defects in cilia cause human diseases known as ciliopathies, affecting multiple organs.
  • Rab and Rab-like proteins are implicated in regulating ciliary functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review the associations of Rab proteins with cilia.
  • To explore Rab protein roles in diverse ciliary processes.
  • To discuss emerging themes in ciliary Rab function and redundancy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Rab proteins and cilia.
  • Analysis of findings across multiple model systems (mammals, zebrafish, C. elegans, algae, etc.).
  • Synthesis of data on basal body maturation, axoneme extension, and intraflagellar transport.

Main Results:

  • Rab proteins are extensively involved in basal body maturation and ciliary axoneme extension.
  • Intraflagellar transport and ciliary signaling pathways are regulated by specific Rab proteins.
  • Functional redundancy and complex Rab cascades are observed in ciliary regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Rab proteins are essential regulators of diverse ciliary functions across eukaryotes.
  • Understanding ciliary Rab proteins offers insights into ciliopathy pathogenesis.
  • Further research into Rab cascades and redundancy can uncover novel therapeutic targets.