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Competitive network determines the direction of the diversity-function relationship.

Daniel S Maynard1,2, Thomas W Crowther3,4, Mark A Bradford2

  • 1Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637; dmaynard@uchicago.edu.

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|October 27, 2017
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Community structure, not just species diversity, influences ecosystem function. Competitive network properties like intransitivity and competitor strength determine if biodiversity loss impacts ecosystem functioning.

Keywords:
basidiomycetecommunity assemblycompetitive intransitivityecosystem functioninterference

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Community Ecology
  • Ecosystem Functioning

Background:

  • Competitive network structure is crucial for biodiversity and species coexistence.
  • The nature and intensity of competition affect individual persistence, growth, and abundance.
  • Competitive networks may dictate community-level functioning by reflecting the costs of competition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the links between competitive network structure, species diversity, and community function.
  • To determine if competitive network properties influence ecosystem functioning.
  • To understand how biodiversity loss impacts ecosystem function through competitive interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an experimental system with 18 wood decay basidiomycete fungi.
  • Quantified competitive network structure, species diversity, and community function metrics.
  • Analyzed the interaction between diversity and network properties (intransitivity, average competitive ability).

Main Results:

  • Species diversity alone had minimal impact on community functioning.
  • Competitive network structure, specifically intransitivity and average competitive ability, significantly shaped biomass production, respiration, and carbon use efficiency.
  • Highly intransitive communities of weak competitors showed a positive diversity-function relationship.
  • Weakly intransitive communities of strong competitors displayed a negative diversity-function relationship.

Conclusions:

  • Competitive network structure is a key determinant of community-level functioning.
  • Network structure mediates the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function.
  • Understanding competitive networks is vital for predicting the consequences of biodiversity loss on ecosystem services.