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Neurodevelopmental Changes in Social Reinforcement Processing: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Soonjo Hwang1, Harma Meffert2, Michelle R VanTieghem3

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.

Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience : the Official Scientific Journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|October 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Early adolescents show heightened responses to non-social rewards and increased brain connectivity for non-reward processing, particularly social non-reward, compared to older groups. This highlights unique neurodevelopmental changes during early adolescence.

Keywords:
AmygdalaAnterior insulaContext-dependent psychophysiological interaction.Functional magnetic resonance imagingSocial rewardVentro-medial prefrontal cortex

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology

Background:

  • Adolescence is a critical period for neurodevelopment, influencing reward processing and social cognition.
  • Understanding how different types of reinforcement impact the developing brain is crucial for comprehending behavioral changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurodevelopmental changes in response to social and non-social reinforcement across adolescent and young adult stages.
  • To examine functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data for differential brain activation and connectivity patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty-three healthy participants (early adolescents, late adolescents, young adults) completed a social/non-social reward learning task during fMRI.
  • Analysis involved ANOVAs on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) response and context-dependent psychophysiological interaction (gPPI) analyses using ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and insula seeds.

Main Results:

  • Early adolescents exhibited greater amygdala and anterior insula activation to non-social monetary rewards versus social rewards/non-rewards.
  • Early adolescents displayed enhanced vmPFC/insula connectivity with regions like the amygdala and posterior cingulate cortex during non-reward, especially social non-reward.

Conclusions:

  • Early adolescence is characterized by increased responsiveness to non-social rewards compared to social rewards.
  • Reinforcement circuitry shows enhanced, integrated functioning for non-reward processing, particularly involving the posterior cingulate and insula cortices for social non-reward.