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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Implementation of Portable Emissions Measurement Systems PEMS for the Real-driving Emissions RDE Regulation in Europe
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PM Emissions Emanating from Limited-Access Highways.

David P Lamoree1, Jay R Turner1

  • 1a Environmental Engineering Program , Washington University , St. Louis , Missouri , USA.

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)
|October 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct measurements revealed that actual motor vehicle particulate matter (PM) emissions, including PM2.5 and PM10, were lower than predicted by models. Field studies are crucial for accurate emission factor assessments.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Transportation Engineering

Background:

  • Motor vehicles are significant sources of primary particulate matter (PM) through exhaust, tire wear, brake/clutch wear, and resuspended road dust.
  • Limited field studies exist to accurately quantify fleet-average exhaust emissions under real-world driving conditions.
  • Direct measurements of motor vehicle-related PM emissions are essential for refining air quality models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly measure particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) concentrations near highways.
  • To compare field measurements with predictions from the PART5 emission factor model and CALINE4 dispersion model.
  • To reconstruct and determine fleet-average motor vehicle emission factors.

Main Methods:

  • PM10 and PM2.5 mass concentrations were measured near two St. Louis highways (February-April 1997).
  • Samplers were placed upwind and downwind to assess PM transport and dispersion.
  • The CALINE4 dispersion model was fitted to observed data to derive emission factors.

Main Results:

  • Observed downwind PM concentrations were consistently lower than PART5/CALINE4 predictions (-34% for PM2.5, -70% for PM10).
  • Observed PM concentration decay with distance from the roadway was steeper than model predictions.
  • Reconstructed fleet-average emission factors were 0.03-0.04 g/VMT (urban) and 0.2-0.3 g/VMT (rural) for PM2.5 and PM10.

Conclusions:

  • Existing dispersion models may overestimate traffic-induced PM concentrations.
  • Field measurements provide more accurate emission factors for motor vehicles.
  • Accurate emission factors are critical for effective air quality management and policy development.