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Related Concept Videos

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

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Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
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Acute Pyelonephritis I: Introduction01:27

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Pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that primarily affects the renal parenchyma and collecting system, including the renal pelvis, tubules, and interstitial tissue of one or both kidneys. It can be classified as either acute—a sudden, severe infection—or chronic, which refers to long-term or recurrent kidney infections.The primary cause of acute pyelonephritis (APN) is bacterial infection, with Escherichia coli accounting for approximately 70-80% of cases. Other bacteria, such...
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Imaging Studies V: Intravenous Urography and Retrograde Pyelography01:22

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IntroductionIntravenous Urography (IVU) and Retrograde Pyelography (RP) are important diagnostic imaging techniques used to evaluate the urinary system. These methods help identify structural abnormalities, obstructions, and functional issues in the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. Both procedures use iodine-based contrast media to enhance the visibility of urinary tract structures on X-ray images, though they differ in their methods and indications.1. Intravenous Urography (IVU)Intravenous...
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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...
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The upper urinary system comprises two kidneys and two ureters, which are crucial in filtering blood and forming urine.KidneysLocation and Structure:The kidneys are two bean-shaped organs positioned behind the peritoneum on either side of the spine.Kidneys are between the 12th thoracic (T12) and the 3rd lumbar (L3) vertebrae.The position of the liver causes the right kidney to sit slightly lower than the left.Protective Layers:Each kidney is enveloped in a tough, fibrous membrane called the...
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Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis with Incomplete Double Ureter.

Yutaro Hayashi1, Takashi Kawahara1, Yusuke Hattori1

  • 1Departments of Urology and Renal Transplantation, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan.

Case Reports in Medicine
|October 28, 2017
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Summary

Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP), a rare kidney inflammation, was diagnosed in a 76-year-old woman. This case highlights a potential association between XGP and an incomplete double ureter.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Urology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP) is a rare, chronic inflammatory condition of the kidney.
  • It typically affects immunocompromised individuals, often middle-aged women, with pre-existing urinary tract issues like infections or stones causing obstruction.

Observation:

  • A 76-year-old woman presented with a detected left renal tumor.
  • Imaging revealed an enhanced tumor in the upper renal parenchyma.
  • Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy was performed, with subsequent histological examination revealing foam cell aggregation.

Findings:

  • The patient was diagnosed with Xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XGP).
  • This rare case involved XGP in the upper pole of the kidney.
  • An incomplete double ureter was noted, suggesting a potential association.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the rarity of XGP, particularly with congenital anomalies like an incomplete double ureter.
  • Accurate diagnosis and surgical management are crucial for rare renal pathologies.
  • Further research may elucidate the specific relationship between XGP and ureteral anomalies.