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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming01:24

Methods of Nuclear Reprogramming

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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for...
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Reprogramming alters the gene expression in somatic cells, transforming them into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells over several generations. Scientists can reprogram cells by introducing genes for four transcription factors—Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) by viral or non-viral methods. These factors are also known as Yamanaka factors after Shinya Yamanaka, who first generated iPS cells using mouse skin cells. Yamanaka was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012...
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Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

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Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Nonintegrating Human Somatic Cell Reprogramming Methods.

Thorsten M Schlaeger1

  • 1Stem Cell Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Karp RB09213, 1 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA, 02446, USA. thorsten.schlaeger@childrens.harvard.edu.

Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology
|October 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer better disease modeling than traditional animal models and cell lines. Reprogramming methods like episomal and Sendai viral techniques generate transgene-free hiPSCs for research and therapeutics.

Keywords:
EpisomalReprogrammingSendai virushiPSCs

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Disease Modeling

Background:

  • Traditional research uses animal models and limited human cell lines (e.g., HeLa, HEK293) which often fail to replicate human disease phenotypes.
  • Conventional cell lines lack ethnic/genetic diversity, senesce quickly, or carry confounding mutations, limiting their utility.
  • Human pluripotent stem cells show promise for more accurate human disease modeling and cell-based therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review popular methods for generating transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs).
  • To highlight the advantages of hiPSCs over traditional research models.
  • To discuss the potential of hiPSC technology in disease research and regenerative medicine.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on episomal reprogramming.
  • Focus on Sendai viral reprogramming.
  • Generation of transgene-free human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from accessible cell sources.

Main Results:

  • Episomal and Sendai viral reprogramming are popular methods for generating hiPSCs.
  • These methods yield transgene-free hiPSCs, crucial for accurate modeling and therapeutic applications.
  • hiPSCs offer a more genetically diverse and representative model compared to conventional cell lines.

Conclusions:

  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provide a superior platform for disease modeling and drug discovery.
  • Transgene-free hiPSC generation via episomal or Sendai viral reprogramming is key for translational research.
  • hiPSC technology holds significant potential for developing novel cell-based therapies for degenerative diseases.