Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy
Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure
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Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy with Indocyanine Green Fluorescence: Choledochoscopic Stone Extraction and Primary Duct Suture
Published on: November 25, 2025
Ashutosh Tandon1, Kashif Shahzad1, Quentin Nunes1
1Department of General Surgery, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, L9 7AL, Liverpool, UK.
Routine preoperative blood typing for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy is unnecessary. The study found a low transfusion rate (1:200), indicating that blood group and save testing does not improve patient outcomes for this procedure.
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