Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity01:28

Factors Influencing Microbial Growth: Osmolarity

1.0K
Osmolarity is the measure of solute concentration in a solution. It plays a critical role in determining water availability for organisms. Water moves across semipermeable membranes through osmosis, flowing from regions of lower solute concentration (more dilute) to regions of higher solute concentration (more concentrated).In high-solute environments, microbial cells lose water, leading to dehydration and inhibited growth. The extent to which water is available to microbes in such environments...
1.0K
Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

38.6K
Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
38.6K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

7.7K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
7.7K
Stringent Response in E. coli01:23

Stringent Response in E. coli

408
Bacterial growth is closely tied to nutrient availability, with cells proliferating exponentially under favorable conditions and entering a stationary phase when resources become scarce. This transition is mediated by a regulatory mechanism known as the stringent response, which allows bacteria to adapt to nutrient deprivation by modulating gene expression and metabolic activity.During nutrient scarcity, intracellular amino acid levels decline. It results in the accumulation of uncharged tRNAs...
408
Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters01:19

Membrane Asymmetry Regulating Transporters

7.5K
Enzymes like flippase, floppase, and scramblase transfer phospholipids from one layer to another in the membrane, thereby affecting membrane asymmetry.
Flippase
Eukaryotic flippases are type-IV P-type ATPases or P4-ATPases belonging to P-type ATPase family proteins that are membrane-bound pumps involved in the ATP-mediated transport of ions and molecules across the membrane. Flippases flip specific phospholipids from the outer to the inner leaflet of a membrane. All P4-ATPases have one...
7.5K
Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing01:28

Gene Regulation in Microbial Communities: Quorum Sensing

742
Quorum sensing is a mechanism of bacterial communication that enables coordinated gene expression in response to changes in population density. This facilitates collective behaviors that enhance survival, resource acquisition, and ecological adaptation. This process relies on small signaling molecules called autoinducers that accumulate as bacterial populations grow. When a critical threshold concentration of autoinducers is reached, bacterial cells collectively modify gene expression,...
742

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Phage intervention improves colitis and response to corticosteroids by attenuating virulence of Crohn's disease-associated bacteria.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

CMR Detected Atrial Structural and Functional Remodeling in AF HFrEF: Ablation vs Medical Rate Control.

JACC. Clinical electrophysiology·2026
Same author

Neurophysiological correlates of delayed recovery of consciousness in a critically ill patient with COVID-19 with repeated cardiac arrest.

British journal of anaesthesia·2026
Same author

Processing speed deficits: A missing link in understanding individual variation in children's interval timing skills?

Developmental psychology·2026
Same author

Stem cell therapy in retinal disease.

Handbook of clinical neurology·2026
Same author

Cardiology Provider Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Cardiac Gene Therapy: A Multi-Institutional National Survey.

JACC. Heart failure·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates
07:43

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates

Published on: July 22, 2019

8.7K

MtlR negatively regulates mannitol utilization by Vibrio cholerae.

Tanner Byer1, Jessica Wang1, Mark G Zhang1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Pomona College, Claremont, CA 91711, USA.

Microbiology (Reading, England)
|October 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The MtlR protein represses Vibrio cholerae growth and biofilm formation when overexpressed. MtlR regulates the mtlA gene, controlling mannitol transport and calibrating transporter levels during environmental changes.

Keywords:
Vibrio choleraemannitolphosphotransferase system

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Advancing Therapeutics to Treat Vibriosis in Humans and Aquatic Organisms
03:29

Author Spotlight: Advancing Therapeutics to Treat Vibriosis in Humans and Aquatic Organisms

Published on: May 31, 2024

981
Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
07:58

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Published on: May 30, 2017

11.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 20, 2026

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates
07:43

Coincubation Assay for Quantifying Competitive Interactions between Vibrio fischeri Isolates

Published on: July 22, 2019

8.7K
Author Spotlight: Advancing Therapeutics to Treat Vibriosis in Humans and Aquatic Organisms
03:29

Author Spotlight: Advancing Therapeutics to Treat Vibriosis in Humans and Aquatic Organisms

Published on: May 31, 2024

981
Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates
07:58

Laboratory Techniques Used to Maintain and Differentiate Biotypes of Vibrio cholerae Clinical and Environmental Isolates

Published on: May 30, 2017

11.5K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bacterial Physiology

Background:

  • The phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) facilitates nutrient uptake in bacteria.
  • In Vibrio cholerae, the mannitol transporter MtlA is encoded by mtlA, with MtlR predicted to regulate its expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulatory role of MtlR in Vibrio cholerae's response to mannitol.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which MtlR controls mtlA expression and MtlA-mediated functions.

Main Methods:

  • Gene knockout and overexpression studies in Vibrio cholerae.
  • Analysis of MtlA protein and mtlA mRNA levels under various growth conditions.
  • Assessment of MtlR protein levels and impact on biofilm formation.

Main Results:

  • MtlR overexpression inhibits V. cholerae growth on mannitol and represses MtlA-mediated biofilm formation.
  • mtlR deletion increases MtlA protein and mtlA mRNA, particularly in non-glucose, non-mannitol media.
  • MtlR expression is highest in mannitol medium, contrary to its expected repressive role.

Conclusions:

  • MtlR acts as a transcriptional repressor of mtlA, crucial for calibrating MtlA levels during environmental shifts.
  • MtlR's expression pattern suggests a complex regulatory role beyond simple repression, adapting to nutrient availability.
  • Understanding MtlR regulation provides insights into Vibrio cholerae's metabolic flexibility and adaptation strategies.