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Necrotic enteritis challenge and high dietary sodium level affect odorant composition or emission from broilers.

Nishchal K Sharma1, Mingan Choct1, Shu-Biao Wu1

  • 1School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia.

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Summary

Necrotic enteritis (NE) and high sodium diets increase broiler litter odor. Subclinical NE reduced bird growth, while high sodium increased litter moisture and sulfur compounds, exacerbating odor issues.

Keywords:
Clostridium perfringensdietnecrotic enteritisodorwet litter

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Veterinary Medicine

Background:

  • Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a significant enteric disease in poultry.
  • Dietary sodium levels can influence bird health and environmental emissions.
  • Odor emissions from broiler litter pose environmental and economic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) and high dietary sodium on broiler litter odor flux.
  • To quantify specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) affected by NE challenge and sodium levels.
  • To assess the combined effects of NE and high sodium on odorant emissions.

Main Methods:

  • 160 male broiler chicks were assigned to a 2x2 factorial design with NE challenge (presence/absence) and dietary sodium levels (normal/high).
  • Litter odorants were collected and measured using selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS) on day 20.
  • Bird performance (feed intake, body weight gain, FCR) and litter characteristics (moisture, VOCs) were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Subclinical NE reduced feed intake and body weight gain, worsening feed conversion ratio (FCR).
  • NE challenge significantly increased litter moisture and concentrations of various sulfur compounds, amines, and organic acids.
  • High dietary sodium increased litter moisture and sulfur compound concentrations.
  • Combined NE challenge and high sodium diet led to increased flux of additional odorants, including ketones and short-chain fatty acids.

Conclusions:

  • Both subclinical necrotic enteritis and high dietary sodium levels contribute to increased odor nuisance from broiler litter.
  • High sodium diets may exacerbate odor problems in NE-affected flocks.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for mitigating environmental odor pollution in poultry farming.