Enabling the return-to-work process among people with affective disorders: A multiple-case study

Area of Science:

• Psychiatry
• Occupational Therapy
• Rehabilitation Medicine

Background:

• The Individual Enabling and Support (IES) model is a tailored supported employment program designed for individuals with affective disorders.
• Existing vocational programs require further investigation into their key characteristics and perceived effectiveness.
• This study aimed to explore the IES model and its process from diverse viewpoints.

Observation:

• A multiple-case study design was employed, involving five participants.
• Data collection included participant interviews, intervention documents, memos, and interviews with employment specialists.
• Within-case and cross-case analyses, along with analytical generalization, were conducted.

Findings:

• Distinct IES processes were observed across cases, leading to the identification of 'Enabling engagement in return to work' as a central theme.
• Sustained support from employment specialists and a focus on individual strengths and motivation were crucial for overcoming low self-confidence.
• The integration of motivational, cognitive, and time-use strategies facilitated the adoption of new behaviors and coping mechanisms for job seeking and employment.

Implications:

• Integrating IES strategies with supported employment can bolster self-efficacy and engagement in the return-to-work journey for individuals on sick leave due to affective disorders.
• This approach may offer a promising pathway for improving vocational outcomes in this population.
• Further research could explore the long-term impact and scalability of the IES model.