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Risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in Patients With Sjögren's Syndrome
Faraz Khan Luni1, Sonia Ali Malik2, Abdur Rahman Khan3
1Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mercy Saint Vincent Medical Center, Toledo, Ohio.
Insights
Patients with Sjögren
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Rheumatology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a significant concern in autoimmune conditions.
- The IHD risk in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) remains largely uncharacterized.
- This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding IHD in SjS patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence and risk of IHD in patients diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome.
- To compare IHD risk in SjS patients against a matched control group from the general population.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study utilizing the 2011 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database.
- Inpatient population with SjS was matched 1:4 with controls based on age, sex, and hospital region.
- Logistic regression was employed to calculate odds ratios for IHD and evaluate risk factors.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of IHD was 54.7% in SjS cases versus 52.2% in controls.
- An adjusted odds ratio of 0.898 (95% CI: 0.844-0.955) indicated a decreased IHD risk in SjS.
- SjS patients exhibited higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, apnea, and lipid disorders.
Conclusions:
- This is the largest population-based investigation into IHD risk in Sjögren's syndrome.
- A statistically significant, albeit modest, reduction in IHD risk was observed in patients with SjS.
- Further research may elucidate the mechanisms behind this observed protective association.
Background:
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) has emerged as a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with autoimmune conditions such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, but the risk of IHD in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we estimated the prevalence and risk of IHD with SjS compared to controls from the general population using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample 2011 database.
Materials And Methods:
The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project administrative longitudinal database contains encounter-level information on inpatient stays, emergency department visits and ambulatory surgery in all U.S. hospitals. We conducted a cross-sectional study among the inpatient population diagnosed with SjS and matched 1:4 with controls for age, sex and hospital region. Odds ratio for IHD was calculated as cases compared to controls. The contribution of various risk factors to IHD was also evaluated by logistic regression.
Results:
Analysis demonstrated that 7,154 of 13,086 cases (54.7%) of SjS had IHD compared to 27,367 of 52,448 controls (52.2%). The adjusted odds ratio for IHD in those with SjS was 0.898 (95% CI: 0.844-0.955). Patients with SjS were significantly more likely to have hypertension, diabetes, apnea and lipid disorders.
Conclusions:
To our knowledge, this is the largest population-based study investigating the risk of IHD in patients with SjS. We found a modest, though statistically significant, decrease in the risk of IHD in SjS compared to controls.
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