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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

289
Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
265
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

253
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
253
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

741
As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
741
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Metabolism

242
Geriatric patients show significant variation in how their bodies process medications, which can change how effective and safe treatments are. The liver is the primary organ where drug metabolism occurs, involving two main types of chemical reactions: phase I and II. Phase I metabolism is driven by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, which includes key types such as CYP3A, CYP2D6, and CYP2C9. Research indicates that while aging doesn't notably alter the levels or activity of these enzymes, it...
242
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

272
Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
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Clostridium difficile in Older Adults.

Curtis J Donskey1

  • 1Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 10701 East Boulevard, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, 10,000 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.

Infectious Disease Clinics of North America
|October 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is rising in all ages, especially in the elderly and long-term care facilities. This review covers CDI epidemiology, diagnosis, and management in older adults.

Keywords:
C difficile infectionElderlyFecal microbiota transplantLong-term care facility

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Medicine
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Increasing incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) observed across all age groups.
  • Elderly population and long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are disproportionately affected by the rising CDI burden.
  • Recurrences of CDI are common in older adults, negatively impacting quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current concepts in the epidemiology of CDI in older adults.
  • To discuss challenges and strategies for diagnosing CDI in the elderly.
  • To outline current management approaches for CDI in older adults within community and LTCF settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on CDI in older adults.
  • Synthesis of epidemiological data, diagnostic criteria, and treatment guidelines.
  • Focus on challenges specific to the geriatric population.

Main Results:

  • CDI incidence is increasing, with a significant impact on the elderly.
  • Diagnostic testing and management present unique challenges in older adults.
  • Recurrent CDI is a significant concern in this demographic.

Conclusions:

  • Older adults, particularly those in LTCFs, face a growing burden of CDI.
  • Appropriate diagnostic and management strategies are crucial for this vulnerable population.
  • Further research and tailored interventions are needed to address CDI in the elderly.