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Visibility impairment is linked to sulfates, carbon, and soil. This study used regression and chemical mass balance (CMB) to apportion sources of aerosols affecting visibility near the Grand Canyon.

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric chemistry and physics
  • Environmental science
  • Aerosol science

Background:

  • Visibility impairment is primarily caused by sulfates, carbonaceous material, and soil.
  • Source apportionment schemes must account for both secondary and primary aerosols.
  • Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) is a common method for apportioning primary particles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a semiquantitative apportionment of particulate sulfur, total sulfur, absorption, and extinction to source categories.
  • To apply regressional techniques for a more comprehensive source apportionment of both primary and secondary species.
  • To refine source profile extraction and verification within CMB analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized regressional techniques with unique tracer species to apportion secondary and primary aerosols.
  • Applied Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) formalism to attribute aerosols to specific sources.
  • Integrated regression models with CMB analysis to link trace elements to source categories.

Main Results:

  • Approximately 50% of measured particle sulfur is attributed to coal-fired power plants year-round.
  • In winter, about 50% of particle sulfur may originate from primary emissions due to burning activities and urban sources.
  • Light extinction (babs) is significantly influenced by burning activity (winter) and burning, transportation, and soil (summer).

Conclusions:

  • Regressional techniques offer a robust method for source apportionment of both primary and secondary aerosols.
  • Coal-fired power plants are a major contributor to particle sulfur.
  • Understanding source contributions is crucial for developing effective visibility management strategies.