Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Creation of a High-Fidelity, Low-Cost, Intraosseous Line Placement Task Trainer via 3D Printing
Published on: August 17, 2022
Evaluation of a low-fidelity ear surgery simulator in a low-resource setting
K Luu1, L Straatman1, D Nakku2
1Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery,University of British Columbia,Vancouver,Canada.
Objective:
The provision of healthcare education in developing countries is a complex problem that simulation has the potential to help. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a low-cost ear surgery simulator, the Ear Trainer.
Methods:
The Ear Trainer was assessed in two low-resource environments in Cambodia and Uganda. Participants were video-recorded performing four specific middle-ear procedures, and blindly scored using a validated measurement tool. Face validity, construct validity and objective learning were assessed.
Results:
The Ear Trainer provides a realistic representation of the ear. Construct validity assessment confirmed that experts performed better than novices. Participants displayed improvement in all tasks except foreign body removal, likely because of a ceiling effect.
Conclusion:
This study validates the Ear Trainer as a useful training tool for otological microsurgical skills in developing world settings.

