Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses of Archaea01:29

Viruses of Archaea

545
Archaeal viruses play a crucial role in the ecosystems of extremophilic archaea, particularly those belonging to the phyla Euryarchaeota and Crenarchaeota. By shaping host evolution and facilitating gene transfer, these viruses influence microbial communities and contribute to genetic diversity in extreme environments. The archaea they infect thrive in acidic hot springs and hydrothermal vents characterized by high temperatures and low pH. Archaeal viruses exhibit remarkable structural...
545
What are Viruses?00:50

What are Viruses?

128.6K
Overview
128.6K
Introduction to Virus01:28

Introduction to Virus

2.0K
Viruses are unique biological entities that blur the boundary between living and non-living systems. Although they lack cellular structure and metabolic processes, they can exhibit characteristics of life when infecting a host. Their defining feature is a nucleic acid core, composed of either DNA or RNA, encapsulated within a protein coat called a capsid. This simple structure allows them to invade host cells and use their machinery for replication efficiently.Viral Structure and...
2.0K
Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

15.0K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
15.0K
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

1.0K
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
1.0K
Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

602
In concrete preparation, the quality of water is paramount as it affects the strength and durability of the concrete. Potable water is usually preferred; however, it must not have excessive sodium or potassium to prevent compromising the concrete's integrity. Water quality is typically evaluated based on impurities such as dissolved solids, chlorides, and sulfates, and its pH value is ideally between 6 and 8. Even slightly acidic natural water may be acceptable unless it contains harmful...
602

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Direct quantification of waterborne viruses via high-temperature and high-pressure treatment: a simplified nucleic acid extraction-free approach.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Pre-infusion plasma proteomics identifies an endothelial-immune priming signature predictive of severe cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity following CAR T-cell therapy in relapsed/refractory lymphoma.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Simultaneous detection of protozoa, bacteria, and viruses from environmental water through membrane-adsorption followed by direct nucleic acid extraction.

Water research·2026
Same author

Blood-Based Immunoglobulin-Bound Neoantigen Signatures Associated with MEN Type 1-Related Duodenopancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Progression.

Journal of the American College of Surgeons·2026
Same author

A full-scale Co-located comparison of virus removal by membrane bioreactor and conventional activated sludge systems.

Water research·2026
Same author

Lung adenocarcinoma surfaceome remodeling with EGFR inhibitors uncovers placental alkaline phosphatase as a target for combination therapy.

Cell reports. Medicine·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples
13:32

VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples

Published on: May 11, 2019

9.1K

Viruses in Water Environment.

Hiroyuki Katayama1

  • 1Environmental Engineering Program, Vietnam-Japan University, Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo.

Uirusu
|October 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enables virus detection in water, but quantification accuracy needs improvement. Current recreational water infectious risk management requires updating based on scientific findings like norovirus presence in rivers.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental microbiology
  • Virology
  • Water quality analysis

Background:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has revolutionized the detection of viruses in various aquatic environments, including rivers, marine waters, and wastewater treatment systems.
  • Despite advancements, the accuracy of viral quantification using PCR in environmental samples remains a challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the impact of PCR on water virology.
  • To address the need for improved quantification accuracy in viral detection.
  • To emphasize the necessity of updating infectious risk management strategies for recreational water based on scientific data.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for the detection and quantification of viruses in water samples.
  • Analyzing data on viral loads, specifically norovirus, in river water.

More Related Videos

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

12.8K
Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab
08:01

Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab

Published on: July 3, 2025

860

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples
13:32

VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples

Published on: May 11, 2019

9.1K
EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples
10:48

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. I. Collection of Virus Samples

Published on: March 28, 2015

12.8K
Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab
08:01

Environmental Sampling of Photosynthetic Microbes and Their Viruses: From Field to Lab

Published on: July 3, 2025

860
  • Reviewing current infectious risk management protocols for recreational water.

    • Main Results:

    • River water samples can contain significant levels of viruses, with norovirus detected at approximately 1000 copies/L.
    • The accuracy of current viral quantification methods requires enhancement for precise risk assessment.

    Conclusions:

    • Advancements in PCR have greatly improved our ability to study viruses in water.
    • There is a critical need to enhance the accuracy of viral quantification methods.
    • Existing infectious risk management for recreational waters is outdated and requires scientific updates to ensure public health safety.