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Related Concept Videos

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The way a set of data is measured is called its level of measurement. Correct statistical procedures depend on a researcher being familiar with levels of measurement. For analysis, data are classified into four levels of measurement—nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio.
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Identifying Amino Acid Overproducers Using Rare-Codon-Rich Markers
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Country over-citation ratios.

Victoria Bakare1, Grant Lewison1

  • 1Department of Cancer Studies, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London, SE1 9RT UK.

Scientometrics
|October 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Scientific authors often over-cite national papers. This over-citation ratio (OCR) has decreased since 1980 due to better communication, varying by scientific field and research type.

Keywords:
Citing papersCountry dataEvaluationSelf-citations

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Area of Science:

  • Bibliometrics
  • Scientometrics
  • Scientific publishing analysis

Background:

  • Authors exhibit a tendency to over-cite research from their own country.
  • The Over-Citation Ratio (OCR) quantifies this nationalistic citation behavior relative to global publication share.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the Over-Citation Ratio (OCR) in scientific literature.
  • To analyze the influence of publication year, scientific field, and research type (clinical vs. basic) on OCR.
  • To provide context for citation practices in guidelines and media reports.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of citation patterns across various scientific fields and publication years (1980-2010).
  • Calculation of OCR based on the proportion of national papers in a field versus their global presence.
  • Comparative analysis of OCR in cancer research, distinguishing between clinical and basic studies.

Main Results:

  • The OCR has generally decreased from 1980 to 2010, suggesting improved global scientific communication.
  • OCR is higher in fields with greater national interest (e.g., chemistry, ornithology) and lower in internationally focused areas (e.g., astronomy, diabetes, cancer).
  • Basic cancer research may exhibit a slightly higher OCR compared to clinical cancer research.

Conclusions:

  • Nationalistic citation tendencies in scientific publishing are decreasing over time.
  • Citation behavior varies significantly across different scientific disciplines and research types.
  • Understanding OCR provides a benchmark for evaluating the nationalistic bias in scientific citations, including those in clinical guidelines and media coverage.