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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting01:39

Mitochondrial Protein Sorting

5.8K
Mitochondria are double-membrane organelles of the eukaryotes involved in cellular metabolism, signaling, ATP synthesis, and programmed cell death.  Each of these processes requires specific proteins and enzymes that must be correctly sorted to the right mitochondrial subcompartment for the proper functioning of the organelle.
Most of these mitochondrial proteins are encoded by the nucleus and imported to the mitochondria as unfolded or loosely folded precursors. Mitochondrial precursors...
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Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

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Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial...
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Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
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Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane01:34

Protein Transport into the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane

5.0K
Nuclear encoded mitochondrial precursors are imported to the inner membrane in a multistep process involving two separate translocons, TIM22 and TIM23. TIM23 is a cation-selective pore that remains closed by the N terminal segment of the protein. Negative charges on the TIM23 act as a receptor for the incoming precursor, pulling the positively charged matrix-targeting sequence for peptide insertion and translocation.
Transport of mitochondrial precursors across the TIM23 channel is driven by...
5.0K
Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane01:12

Porin Insertion in the Outer Mitochondrial Membrane

4.9K
Porins are beta-barrel proteins translocated to the mitochondrial outer membrane through the TOM complex into the intermembrane space. Porin precursors bind TIM chaperones within the intermembrane space and are guided to the Sorting and Assembly Machinery complex or SAM complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane.
Three models describe the assembly of porins by the SAM complex and their insertion into the outer membrane. Model 1 suggests that porins are assembled outside the SAM channel as the...
4.9K
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

2.9K
Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
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Related Experiment Video

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Assessment of Submitochondrial Protein Localization in Budding Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Predicting Protein Submitochondrial Locations: The 10th Anniversary.

Pu-Feng Du1

  • 1School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin300350, China.

Current Genomics
|October 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Predicting protein location within mitochondria has seen significant advancements. This review covers methods, datasets, and future research directions for accurate protein targeting predictions.

Keywords:
DNAFeature selectionGlobular proteinsIntermembrane spaceMitochondriaSubmitochondrial locations

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Protein localization is crucial for cellular function.
  • Mitochondria play vital roles in energy production and apoptosis.
  • Accurate prediction of protein submitochondrial location is essential for understanding mitochondrial biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress in predicting protein submitochondrial localization.
  • To compare various prediction methods, their performance, and datasets used.
  • To suggest future research avenues in this field.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing prediction methods.
  • Comparative analysis of prediction algorithms.
  • Evaluation of performance metrics and datasets.

Main Results:

  • Prediction accuracy has reached near-perfect levels.
  • Diverse computational methods have been developed.
  • Significant variations exist in datasets and performance evaluations across studies.

Conclusions:

  • The field has achieved high accuracy in predicting protein localization.
  • Further research should focus on refining methods and standardizing datasets.
  • Future directions include integrating multi-omics data and improving model interpretability.