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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
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Human Fetal Brain Connectome: Structural Network Development from Middle Fetal Stage to Birth.

Limei Song1,2, Virendra Mishra3, Minhui Ouyang2

  • 1Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Research Center for Sectional and Imaging Anatomy, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|October 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The fetal brain

Keywords:
brain developmentdiffusion tensor imagingfetal brain connectomemiddle fetal stagemigration pathwaystructural networkwhite matter fibers

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The human fetal brain undergoes complex development with significant morphological and microstructural changes.
  • Understanding the maturation of the fetal brain's structural connectome is crucial for insights into neurodevelopment and potential neuropathologies.
  • The transition of the structural connectome from mid-fetal to term stages, and the role of different fiber types, remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental trajectory of the structural connectome in the human fetal brain from 20 to 40 postmenstrual weeks (PMW).
  • To quantify changes in network strength and efficiency during this critical developmental period.
  • To explore the contribution of different neural fiber types to the fetal brain's structural network.

Main Methods:

  • Diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI) was used to acquire data from 10 fetal brains at 20 PMW, 12 fetuses at 35 PMW, and 12 fetuses at 40 PMW.
  • Structural connectomes were constructed by parcellating the cortex into nodes and using DTI tractography to trace fiber pathways as edges.
  • Neural fibers were categorized based on their terminal locations in the cerebral wall at 20 PMW.

Main Results:

  • Fetal brain networks exhibit increasing strength and efficiency between 20 and 40 PMW.
  • Network strength and global efficiency increased more rapidly between 20-35 PMW than between 35-40 PMW.
  • Network reconfiguration is associated with an increase in long association white matter (WM) fibers, with non-WM fibers significantly contributing to the network at 20 PMW, suggesting early small-world network organization.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a preliminary record of fetal brain structural connectome maturation from mid-gestation to birth.
  • Network development shows distinct phases of rapid and slower maturation.
  • Non-white matter (WM) neural fibers play a critical role in the early structural network configuration of the fetal brain.