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Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
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The outermost layers of prokaryotic cells play a critical role in their survival, virulence, and interaction with the environment. These layers, often composed of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or proteins, form protective and adhesive structures that vary in organization and function.Capsules and Slime LayersCapsules are highly organized, tightly bound layers that firmly attach to the bacterial cell wall. Capsules are usually made of polysaccharides, though some are made of polypeptides. These...
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Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vesiculo Synthesis of Peptide Membrane Precursors for Autonomous Vesicle Growth
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Structurally plastic peptide capsules for synthetic antimicrobial viruses.

Valeria Castelletto1, Emiliana de Santis1, Hasan Alkassem1,2

  • 1National Physical Laboratory , Teddington , Middlesex TW11 0LW , UK .

Chemical Science
|October 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Researchers designed artificial antimicrobial viruses that self-assemble into peptide capsules. These capsules deliver genes and exhibit potent antimicrobial activity by disrupting cell membranes, offering a dual biological function.

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Viruses are efficient gene delivery vehicles but pose safety concerns.
  • Antimicrobial agents are crucial for combating infections.
  • Developing safe and effective gene delivery systems with antimicrobial properties is a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a conceptual design for artificial antimicrobial viruses.
  • To create self-assembling peptide capsules with dual functionality: gene delivery and antimicrobial activity.
  • To engineer virus-like scaffolds with tunable biological properties.

Main Methods:

  • Emulating viral assembly and function for capsule design.
  • Utilizing peptide self-assembly for capsule formation.
  • Designing capsules for efficient gene delivery and silencing in mammalian cells.
  • Engineering capsules to act as localized, membrane-disrupting antimicrobial agents.

Main Results:

  • Conceptualized artificial antimicrobial viruses as self-assembling peptide capsules.
  • Demonstrated potential for efficient gene delivery and silencing in mammalian cells.
  • Proposed a novel antimicrobial mechanism involving localized membrane disruption via pore formation.
  • Highlighted the dual biological function of gene transport and antimicrobial activity.

Conclusions:

  • The conceptual design offers a promising approach for creating artificial antimicrobial viruses.
  • These virus-like scaffolds possess tunable properties for advanced biological applications.
  • The dual functionality of gene delivery and antimicrobial action presents a novel therapeutic strategy.
  • This innovative design could lead to new tools in gene therapy and infectious disease treatment.