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Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

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Published on: June 23, 2023

Intermittent Access to Ethanol Induces Escalated Alcohol Consumption in Primates.

S G Lindell^1,2, M L Schwandt², S J Suomi³

¹Laboratory of Comparative Behavioral Genomics, NIH/NIAAA/LNG, USA.

Journal of Addictive Behaviors, Therapy & Rehabilitation

|October 31, 2017

Summary

Intermittent access to alcohol escalated drinking in non-human primates, similar to rodents. However, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) signaling was not involved in this escalated alcohol consumption.

Keywords:

Alcohol CRF Dependence Intermittent access Rhesus macaque

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Addiction Research
Primate Models

Background:

Alcohol addiction is characterized by escalating alcohol intake.
Rodent models using intermittent alcohol access show escalation, but key systems like CRF differ between rodents and primates.
This study investigated alcohol escalation in non-human primates to understand addiction mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if intermittent alcohol access induces escalation of voluntary alcohol drinking in non-human primates.
To assess the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRF) signaling in this escalated drinking behavior.

Main Methods:

Four rhesus macaques received alcohol every other weekday (EOD), and four received it every weekday (ED).
Subjects were administered a CRF1 antagonist (antalarmin).
Alcohol consumption and blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) were monitored.

Main Results:

EOD schedule increased alcohol intake by up to 50%, with a more pronounced effect in morning/daytime sessions (83% increase).
EOD-induced escalation led to pharmacologically active BACs.
CRF1 receptor blockade did not affect EOD-induced consumption, but high cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) CRF levels correlated with greater responsiveness.

Conclusions:

Intermittent alcohol access successfully induced escalated drinking in non-human primates, mirroring rodent findings.
Contrary to rat studies, CRF system recruitment was not implicated in this escalated drinking.
Individual differences in CRF system activity might influence alcohol consumption patterns.