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An update on environmental mastitis: Challenging perceptions
I C Klaas1, R N Zadoks2,3
1Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|October 31, 2017
Summary
Environmental mastitis is a major dairy herd cost, often caused by diverse bacteria. Reducing environmental exposure and enhancing host immunity are key prevention strategies, alongside improved communication for farmer adoption.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Medicine
- Animal Science
- Dairy Herd Management
Background:
- Environmental mastitis is the most prevalent and expensive form in dairy herds.
- Contagious pathogen transmission is controlled, yet environmental sources persist.
- Pathogen classification as solely contagious or environmental is often inaccurate.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the challenges and evolving strategies for managing environmental mastitis.
- To emphasize the shift towards preventative measures due to antimicrobial reduction pressures.
- To discuss the role of diagnostics, vaccines, and communication in mastitis control.
Main Methods:
- Review of current understanding of environmental mastitis epidemiology.
- Analysis of pathogen sources and transmission cycles (e.g., fecal-oral).
- Discussion of existing and needed interventions, including vaccines and diagnostics.
Main Results:
- Environmental mastitis involves diverse bacteria from sources like feces and soil.
- Faecal-oral transmission cycles amplify pathogen presence.
- Coliform mastitis vaccines are available, but gram-positive vaccines lag.
- Improved diagnostics and communication are crucial for effective prevention.
Conclusions:
- Mastitis management must prioritize environmental exposure reduction and host defense enhancement.
- Effective communication and incentives are vital for implementing prevention strategies.
- Future efforts require integrated approaches combining technical tools with farmer/veterinarian engagement.
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