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Published on: June 10, 2021
Ionization and Anion-π+ Interaction: A New Strategy for Structural Design of Aggregation-Induced Emission Luminogens
Jianguo Wang1,2, Xinggui Gu1, Pengfei Zhang1
1Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering, Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanoscience, Division of Life Science and Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Abstract:
Recent years have witnessed the significant role of anion-π+ interactions in many areas, which potentially brings the opportunity for the development of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) systems. Here, a new strategy that utilized anion-π+ interactions to block detrimental π-π stacking was first proposed to develop inherent-charged AIE systems. Two AIE-active luminogens, namely, 1,2,3,4-tetraphenyloxazolium (TPO-P) and 2,3,5-triphenyloxazolium (TriPO-PN), were successfully synthesized. Comprehensive techniques such as single-crystal analysis, theoretical calculation, and conductivity measurement were used to illustrate the effects of anion-π+ interactions on the AIE feature. Their analogues tetraphenylfuran (TPF) and 2,4,5-triphenyloxazole (TriPO-C) without anion-π+ interactions suffered from the aggregation-caused emission quenching in the aggregate state, demonstrating the important role of anion-π+ interactions in suppressing π-π stacking. TriPO-PN was biocompatible and could specifically target lysosome in fluorescence turn-on and wash-free manners. This suggested that it was a promising contrast agent for bioimaging.
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