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Related Concept Videos

Chi-square Analysis02:46

Chi-square Analysis

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The chi-square test is a statistical hypothesis test. It is used to check whether there is a significant difference between an expected value and an observed value. In the context of genetics, it enables us to either accept or reject a hypothesis, based on how much the observed values deviate from the expected values.
The chi-square test was developed by Pearson in 1990.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Cancer

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Pharmaceutical equivalents, by definition, are drug products with the same active ingredient in the same quantities, encapsulated in identical dosage forms, and intended for the same administration routes. These pharmaceutical equivalents are deemed bioequivalent if the bioavailability of the active entity in the drug preparations is similar. Moreover, pharmaceutical equivalents demonstrating bioequivalence are also regarded as therapeutically equivalent. This means that when used as directed,...
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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Comparing Bibliometric Analysis Using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science Databases
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Towards PubMed 2.0.

Nicolas Fiorini1, David J Lipman1, Zhiyong Lu1

  • 1National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.

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|October 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) has enhanced the PubMed search engine. Future plans include a new experimental site, PubMed Labs, to improve biomedical literature discovery.

Keywords:
PubMedbiomedical literature searchbiomedical text miningscientific publishing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Informatics
  • Health Sciences Information Management

Background:

  • The PubMed search engine is a critical tool for accessing biomedical literature.
  • Continuous improvement is necessary to meet the evolving needs of researchers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report recent advancements in the PubMed search engine.
  • To introduce upcoming features and development directions for PubMed.

Main Methods:

  • Description of implemented search algorithm refinements.
  • Overview of user interface enhancements.
  • Introduction of the PubMed Labs experimental platform.

Main Results:

  • Improved search result relevance and speed.
  • Enhanced user experience through interface updates.
  • Establishment of a testing ground for novel features in PubMed Labs.

Conclusions:

  • Recent updates have optimized PubMed's functionality for biomedical research.
  • PubMed Labs represents a forward-looking initiative to further advance information retrieval in the life sciences.