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Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
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Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) and FibroScan are valuable diagnostic tools in gastroenterology and hepatology, each with specific applications and techniques.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS):
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Lipids also are sources of energy that power cellular processes. Like carbohydrates, lipids are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, but these atoms are arranged differently. Most lipids are nonpolar and hydrophobic. Major types include fats and oils, waxes, phospholipids, and steroids.
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Liver Physiology01:30

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The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
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Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

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In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
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[NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE].

L Bukmir, H Smokrović, I Diminić-Lisica

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    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is common but often undiagnosed. Early recognition and multidisciplinary care, including lifestyle changes, are crucial for managing NAFLD and preventing serious complications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Hepatology
    • Internal Medicine
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver condition globally, linked to rising obesity and metabolic syndrome rates.
    • NAFLD often presents asymptomatically, leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment in routine healthcare settings.
    • Accurate differentiation between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis with fibrosis is critical for patient management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the challenges in NAFLD diagnosis and referral within primary care.
    • To emphasize the importance of early detection and multidisciplinary management strategies.
    • To underscore the role of family physicians in the preventive care and treatment of NAFLD patients.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of current diagnostic approaches for NAFLD.
    • Discussion of the diagnostic gold standard: histopathologic analysis via liver biopsy.
    • Analysis of the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular complications.

    Main Results:

    • NAFLD diagnosis often occurs incidentally through abdominal ultrasound or elevated liver enzymes.
    • Liver biopsy remains the definitive method for assessing fibrosis severity.
    • NAFLD is associated with increased cardiovascular risks and requires a comprehensive approach.

    Conclusions:

    • Developing clear guidelines for family physicians can improve NAFLD identification, diagnosis, and referral.
    • A multidisciplinary approach involving family physicians is essential for managing NAFLD's complexity and complications.
    • Lifestyle modifications, including weight reduction and increased physical activity, are paramount for NAFLD treatment and prevention.