Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

6.8K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
6.8K
The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

44.2K
The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
44.2K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

3.0K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
3.0K
Pathophysiology of Vomiting01:22

Pathophysiology of Vomiting

3.3K
Vomiting is a complex physiological response to expel harmful or irritating substances from the body. It's a defensive mechanism triggered by stimuli like poisons, microbial toxins, cytotoxic drugs, and mechanical abdominal distension. The process is centrally coordinated by the vomiting (or emetic) center located in the medulla of the brainstem. This area, rich in muscarinic M1, histamine H1, neurokinin 1 (NK1), and serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, coordinates the act of vomiting through...
3.3K
Articulations of the Vertebral Column01:28

Articulations of the Vertebral Column

3.3K
In addition to being held together by the intervertebral discs, adjacent vertebrae also articulate with each other at synovial joints formed between the superior and inferior articular processes called zygapophysial joints (facet joints). These are plane joints that provide for only limited motions between the vertebrae. The orientation of the articular processes at these joints varies in different regions of the vertebral column and serves to determine the types of motions available in each...
3.3K
Gyroscope: Precession01:24

Gyroscope: Precession

5.6K
Precession can be demonstrated effectively through a spinning top. If a spinning top is placed on a flat surface near the surface of the Earth at a vertical angle and is not spinning, it will fall over due to the force of gravity producing a torque acting on its center of mass. However, if the top is spinning on its axis, it precesses about the vertical direction, rather than topple over due to this torque. Precessional motion is a combination of a steady circular motion of the axis and the...
5.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revisiting central positional vertigo and nystagmus through the velocity-storage mechanism.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Positional Elliptical Pendular Nystagmus in Inferior Olivary Pseudohypertrophy.

Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)·2026
Same author

Unidirectional Palsy of Torsional Saccades in Ataxia Associated with Anti-GAD Antibody.

Cerebellum (London, England)·2026
Same author

Therapeutic efficacy of nimodipine and topiramate on migraine and vestibular migraine; A prospective multicenter open-label study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Delayed Recovery From Radiation-Induced Oculomotor Nerve Palsy.

Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)·2026
Same author

Possible Vestibulocerebellar Control of Posterior Canal Afferents: Implications From Central Positional Vertigo and Nystagmus.

Journal of clinical neurology (Seoul, Korea)·2026
Same journal

Movement disorders and Parkinson's disease: collaborative and interdisciplinary research to advance understanding of neural circuit dysfunction, pathophysiology, and care: new horizons in technology, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, and genetics toward personalized medicine.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Editorial introduction.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Multimodal mapping of balance dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: a consensus roadmap for research and intervention.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Tourette syndrome: brain neurophysiology, circuit dysfunction, and neuromodulation across invasive and noninvasive approaches.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

Dystonia: from phenotypes to genetics and therapeutic advances.

Current opinion in neurology·2026
Same journal

What can we learn from eye movements in movement disorders and Parkinson's disease?

Current opinion in neurology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.8K

Central vertigo.

Jeong-Yoon Choi1,2, Seung-Han Lee3, Ji-Soo Kim1,2

  • 1Dizziness Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|October 31, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Central vertigo, often misdiagnosed, requires careful evaluation. New findings highlight stroke risks and novel causes, emphasizing an integrated diagnostic approach for better patient outcomes.

More Related Videos

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

16.7K
Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
06:30

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

6.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction
05:02

Using Unidirectional Rotations to Improve Vestibular System Asymmetry in Patients with Vestibular Dysfunction

Published on: August 30, 2019

7.8K
Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform
10:12

Three Dimensional Vestibular Ocular Reflex Testing Using a Six Degrees of Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: May 23, 2013

16.7K
Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
06:30

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

6.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Otolaryngology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Central vertigo presents a complex diagnostic challenge, often confused with peripheral causes.
  • Misdiagnosis in emergency settings is common for dizziness and vertigo, particularly with stroke.
  • Understanding central vertigo pathophysiology is crucial for accurate diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding central vertigo.
  • To explore updated clinical and laboratory features of central vertigo.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology and diagnostic challenges of central vertigo.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in central vertigo.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations and diagnostic criteria.
  • Examination of pathophysiological mechanisms and emerging causes.

Main Results:

  • Strokes presenting as dizziness-vertigo are frequently misdiagnosed in emergency departments.
  • Patients with a peripheral vertigo diagnosis have an increased risk of future strokes.
  • Acute transient vestibular syndrome includes strokes and transient ischemic attacks in one-quarter of cases.
  • Diagnosing combined central and peripheral vestibulopathy, like AICA infarction, necessitates careful application of HINTS (Head Impulse Test, Nystagmus, Skew Test).
  • Heat illness and metronidazole are identified as new causes of central vestibulopathy.

Conclusions:

  • Central vertigo encompasses a heterogeneous range of disorders with varied clinical presentations.
  • An integrated diagnostic strategy incorporating clinical features, laboratory findings, and diagnostic test limitations is essential.
  • Improved understanding and application of diagnostic tools will enhance clinical practice for central vertigo.