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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

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Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
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Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
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Reporter Genes02:11

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Biological Clocks and Seasonal Responses02:45

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FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

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Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
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Florigen and cytokinin signaling antagonistically regulate FLOWERING LOCUS T-LIKE1 to drive a florigen relay that facilitates inflorescence development in rice.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade
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Biosynthesis of a Flavonol from a Flavanone by Establishing a One-pot Bienzymatic Cascade

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Molecular function of florigen.

Hiroyuki Tsuji1

  • 1Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, 642-12 Maioka, Totsuka, Yokohama, Kanagawa 244-0813, Japan.

Breeding Science
|November 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Florigen, a mobile flowering signal protein from the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene, is key for plant reproduction and crop improvement. New research reveals its receptors, function, and distribution, aiding future crop development.

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Genetics
  • Crop Science

Background:

  • Florigen is a mobile flowering signal protein crucial for plant reproduction.
  • The FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene encodes florigen, a conserved protein targeted for crop improvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms and distribution of florigen.
  • To understand florigen's role beyond flowering for crop enhancement.

Main Methods:

  • Molecular genetics
  • Cell biology
  • Structural biology
  • Live cell imaging
  • Next-generation sequencing

Main Results:

  • Identified intercellular receptors for florigen.
Keywords:
FTflorigenfloweringshoot apical meristem

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  • Characterized the florigen activation complex (FAC).
  • Mapped florigen distribution and FAC targets during floral transition.

    • Conclusions:

    • Florigen's molecular basis and function are increasingly understood.
    • Advances facilitate crop improvement via flowering regulation.
    • Florigen's pleiotropic effects offer further crop development avenues.