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Update on riboflavin and multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.

Mahshid Naghashpour1,2, Sima Jafarirad2,3, Reza Amani4,5

  • 1Abadan School of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran.

Iranian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences
|November 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) may benefit multiple sclerosis (MS) by supporting myelin health and reducing neurological disability. Studies suggest riboflavin deficiency is a risk factor for MS, while supplementation shows promise in improving motor function.

Keywords:
Brain-derived- neurotrophic factorDemyelinating diseaseMultiple sclerosisRiboflavinRiboflavin deficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disease.
  • Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is crucial for myelin formation, and its deficiency is linked to MS risk.
  • Oxidative stress and reduced antioxidant capacity are implicated in MS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing literature on the health benefits of riboflavin in multiple sclerosis.
  • To evaluate the role of riboflavin in myelin maintenance and neurological function in MS.
  • To explore the biochemical mechanisms underlying riboflavin's potential effects on MS.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of studies published from 1976 to 2017.
  • Inclusion of human (clinical trials, case-control) and animal experimental studies.
  • Analysis of data regarding riboflavin intake, deficiency, supplementation, and neurological outcomes in MS.

Main Results:

  • Experimental studies link riboflavin deficiency to demyelinating neuropathy.
  • Human studies indicate riboflavin supplementation or higher intake improves neurological motor disability in MS patients.
  • Riboflavin acts as a cofactor for enzymes involved in antioxidant defense (glutathione reductase) and influences uric acid levels, impacting myelin integrity.
  • Riboflavin promotes brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in an animal model of MS, suggesting a mediation pathway for motor improvement.

Conclusions:

  • Current research suggests a supportive role for riboflavin in managing multiple sclerosis outcomes.
  • Riboflavin's benefits may stem from its involvement in myelin maintenance, antioxidant functions, and neurotrophic factor promotion.
  • Further human observational and interventional studies are necessary to confirm riboflavin's efficacy in MS.