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Microstructure of the Distal Radius and Its Relevance to Distal Radius Fractures
Gregory Ian Bain1, Simon Bruce Murdoch MacLean1, Tom McNaughton2
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Journal of Wrist Surgery
|November 1, 2017
Summary
This study reveals the unique microstructure of the distal radius, detailing its arch-like bone structure that effectively absorbs and transmits impact forces, protecting the wrist joint.
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Biomechanics
- Skeletal Biology
Background:
- Limited understanding of distal radius microstructure and its relation to function.
- Need to investigate the microanatomical structure of the distal radius.
Purpose of the Study:
- Assess the microanatomical structure of the distal radius.
- Correlate microstructure with morphology, function, and failure modes.
Main Methods:
- Microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) scans of six adult distal radii.
- Analysis of 3D and 2D images to assess subchondral, cortical, and medullary trabecular bone.
- Interpretation based on overall radial morphology.
Main Results:
- Distal radius morphology resembles an arch bridge, with a multilaminar subchondral bone plate acting as the deck.
- Spherical to ovoid voids aid in impact absorption; no Haversian canals observed.
- Trabecular columns and arches transmit loads from the articular surface to the diaphysis, providing compression and impact protection.
Conclusions:
- The distal radius's unique microstructure, particularly its metaphyseal arches, efficiently transmits and absorbs joint forces, preventing tension and protecting articular cartilage.
- Subchondral bone plate, distinct from cancellous and cortical bone, plays a crucial role in load distribution and impact absorption.
- Understanding this microstructure is vital for physiological loading and protecting the wrist joint.
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