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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as a Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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MicroRNAs Reprogram Tumor Immune Response.

Wei Cao1, Wenfang Cheng2, Wei Wu3

  • 1Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China. caoweiyu@hotmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene translation and immune responses. Targeting immune cells with miRNA gene therapy shows promise for advancing cancer immunology and immunotherapy.

Keywords:
Immune cellsImmunotherapyMicroRNAsTumor microenvironment

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous regulators of gene translation, impacting over two-thirds of human gene transcripts.
  • Specific miRNAs are critical for regulating innate and adaptive immune responses.
  • Dysregulation of miRNAs is implicated in various physiological and pathological conditions, including cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the role of microRNAs in immune regulation.
  • To explore the function of miRNAs in the development and activity of tumor-associated immune cells.
  • To highlight how microRNA research advances cancer immunology and immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent discoveries on microRNA functions in immune regulation.
  • Analysis of miRNA roles in tumor-associated immune cells.
  • Discussion of microRNA gene therapy approaches targeting immune cells.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are crucial regulators of both innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Specific miRNAs influence the development and function of tumor-associated immune cells.
  • Immune cells are viable targets for microRNA-based gene therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Recent advances in understanding microRNAs in immune regulation are significantly impacting cancer immunology.
  • MicroRNA-based strategies hold potential for novel cancer immunotherapy approaches.
  • Targeting microRNAs in immune cells offers a promising avenue for cancer treatment.