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Apolipoprotein B mRNA Editing Enzyme, Catalytic Polypeptide-Like Gene Expression, RNA Editing, and MicroRNAs

Wei Cao1, Wei Wu2

  • 1Translational Medical Center, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, 195 Tongbai Road, Zhengzhou, 450007, People's Republic of China. caoweiyu@hotmail.com.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 1, 2017
PubMed

Insights

The Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) family, crucial for innate immunity, can cause mutations in cancer. Targeting microRNAs may reduce APOBEC-driven genome mutagenesis.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) protein family comprises eleven evolutionarily conserved cytidine deaminases in mammals.
  • APOBECs are vital for innate immunity against viral infections and retrotransposons.
  • Specific APOBEC3 subtypes induce distinct RNA and DNA mutations in human cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review APOBEC expression in normal and disease states.
  • To discuss microRNA interactions and post-transcriptional regulation of APOBEC gene expression.
  • To explore APOBEC-mediated RNA editing and its implications.

Main Methods:

  • Expression profiling of APOBECs in various conditions.
  • Analysis of microRNA interactions with the APOBEC gene family.
  • Review of APOBEC-mediated RNA editing mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • APOBEC3 activation converts cytosine to uracil on single-stranded DNA, potentially via ATR/chk1 pathways.
  • MicroRNAs post-transcriptionally regulate APOBEC gene expression.
  • APOBEC-mediated RNA editing occurs in specific contexts.

Conclusions:

  • APOBEC family members play dual roles in immunity and mutagenesis.
  • Understanding microRNA regulation of APOBECs is critical.
  • Targeting specific microRNAs could mitigate host genome mutagenesis by inactivating APOBEC deaminases.
Keywords:
APOBECDND1MicroRNAsMutagenesisMutation signatureP-Bodies

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