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Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
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Catalysis

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Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

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Conductive Copper Benzenehexathiol Coordination Polymer as a Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst.

Xing Huang^1,2, Huiying Yao³, Yutao Cui^1,2

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|November 1, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Copper(II) benzenehexathiol (Cu-BHT) coordination polymers exhibit high electrical conductivity and excellent catalytic activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Optimized nanoparticle morphology significantly enhances HER performance in acidic solutions.

Keywords:

coordination polymers hydrogen evolution reaction metal−dithiolene morphology control nanoparticles

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Catalysis

Background:

Graphene-like coordination polymers offer unique electronic properties.
Copper(II) benzenehexathiol (Cu-BHT) is a novel material with high electrical conductivity (10^3 S·cm^-1).
Electrocatalysis for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for renewable energy.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the electrocatalytic activity of Cu-BHT for HER.
To investigate the effect of morphology on Cu-BHT's HER performance.
To understand the underlying mechanism of Cu-BHT's catalytic activity.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of Cu-BHT with controlled mesoscale morphology (thin film, nanocrystal, amorphous nanoparticle).
Electrochemical evaluation of HER activity in acidic solutions.
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

Cu-BHT demonstrates good activity and stability for HER at high current densities.
Optimized amorphous nanoparticle morphology (NP-1) achieved a low overpotential of 450 mV at 10 mA·cm^-2.
Achieved a Tafel slope of ~95 mV·dec^-1 and an exchange current density of 10^-3 mA·cm^-2.
DFT calculations identified the 'Cu-edge site' as key to enhanced HER performance.

Conclusions:

Cu-BHT is a promising electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Morphology control is critical for optimizing Cu-BHT's catalytic efficiency.
The 'Cu-edge site' is vital for the superior HER performance of Cu-BHT nanoparticles.