Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

5.7K
Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
Forms of CO2 Transport
1. Dissolved in plasma: A small percentage (7-10%) of CO2 is transported and dissolved directly in the plasma.
2. Carbaminohemoglobin: Just over 20% of CO2 is chemically bound to...
5.7K
External and Internal Respiration01:24

External and Internal Respiration

8.0K
External respiration occurs in the lungs, and it is the first step in the journey of oxygen inside the body. When we inhale, oxygen enters our lungs and diffuses across the thin alveolar membrane. The alveoli are tiny, air-filled sacs that provide a vast surface area for gas exchange. Oxygen in the alveoli has a higher partial pressure (105 mmHg) than in the adjacent pulmonary capillaries (40 mmHg), establishing a pressure gradient. As a result, oxygen molecules move from the alveoli into the...
8.0K
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

77.4K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
77.4K
Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion01:17

Assessment of Diffusion and Perfusion

1.8K
Understanding and evaluating diffusion and perfusion is critical in assessing a patient's respiratory and circulatory health. These processes play key roles in maintaining the body's internal environment, ensuring that tissues receive adequate oxygen while waste products are efficiently removed.
The Role of Diffusion in Respiration
Diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration. In the respiratory system, this...
1.8K
Respiratory Volumes and Capacities01:22

Respiratory Volumes and Capacities

5.9K
The respiratory system is responsible for the intake of oxygen and the expulsion of carbon dioxide from the body. Respiratory volumes describe the volume of air in the lungs at different phases of the respiratory cycle. Tidal volume is the air breathed in and out during normal, quiet breathing. Inspiratory reserve volume is the air that can be forcefully inspired beyond the tidal volume. In contrast, expiratory reserve volume refers to the air that can be expelled from the lungs after a normal...
5.9K
Respiration and Gaseous Exchange01:20

Respiration and Gaseous Exchange

3.7K
The intricate interplay between the cardiovascular and respiratory systems is crucial for efficiently transporting respiratory gases throughout the body. Let us explore the cardiovascular system's multifaceted functions, emphasizing its pivotal role in gas exchange.
Respiration involves the exchange of gases, especially oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the alveoli and body cells, a process facilitated by blood circulation. As a result, the cardiovascular system, which involves...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Development and external validation of a parsimonious lactate-to-diastolic blood pressure ratio model for 28-day mortality risk stratification in septic shock: a retrospective two-cohort study.

Frontiers in medicine·2026
Same author

Incarcerated prolapsed ureterocele masquerading as a vulvar mass after midurethral sling surgery: a case report with systematic review.

Frontiers in surgery·2026
Same author

Methanol detection under variable humidity conditions using an improved wavelength modulation spectroscopy method based on first harmonic signal analysis.

Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy·2026
Same author

Optimization of computer-generated holograms with diffraction-engineered initialization.

Optics express·2026
Same author

Label-free classification of breast cancer subtypes in ex vivo human tissues using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Nitric Oxide-Releasing Surfaces Reduce Thrombosis in Venovenous Extracorporeal Life Support: A 5 day Long Ovine Study.

ASAIO journal (American Society for Artificial Internal Organs : 1992)·2026
Same journal

Trileaflet mitral valve in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: A rare anatomical variant requiring surgical intervention.

Perfusion·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to: "A comparison of continuous blood gas monitors during cardiopulmonary bypass LivaNova B-capta, terumo CDI 500, spectrum medical M4".

Perfusion·2026
Same journal

ROTEM versus conventional coagulation tests in evaluating coagulopathy and transfusion requirement in ECMO patients: A retrospective study.

Perfusion·2026
Same journal

Safety and efficacy of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) vs. surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in patients with bicuspid aortic stenosis: A Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Perfusion·2026
Same journal

External validation of the population pharmacokinetic model of meropenem in patients undergoing neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and continuous renal replacement therapy.

Perfusion·2026
Same journal

Hydrogen ion (pH) and gas behavior during deep hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass: Physiology and clinical implications.

Perfusion·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

13.8K

CO2 clearance by membrane lungs.

Liqun Sun1,2, Andreas Kaesler3, Piyumindri Fernando1

  • 11 Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.

Perfusion
|November 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Commercial membrane lungs demonstrate significantly higher carbon dioxide (CO2) removal capacity than oxygen transfer, especially at elevated gas flow ratios. This suggests ECMO systems can be optimized for selective CO2 removal.

Keywords:
CO2 removalblood flowmembrane lungsweep gas flowsweep gas to blood flow ratio

More Related Videos

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

10.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 19, 2026

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise
07:09

Assessment of Pulmonary Capillary Blood Volume, Membrane Diffusing Capacity, and Intrapulmonary Arteriovenous Anastomoses During Exercise

Published on: February 20, 2017

13.8K
Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship
08:25

Combining Volumetric Capnography And Barometric Plethysmography To Measure The Lung Structure-function Relationship

Published on: January 8, 2019

10.0K
Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies
08:44

Author Spotlight: Integrating Alveolar-Capillary Reserve Measurements in Exercise Adaptation and Therapeutic Strategies

Published on: February 2, 2024

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Sciences
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Respiratory Physiology

Background:

  • Commercial membrane lungs are critical for gas exchange in extracorporeal circuits.
  • While oxygenation is a primary function, their efficiency in carbon dioxide (CO2) removal is less characterized.
  • Understanding CO2 transfer capacity is crucial for optimizing extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the carbon dioxide (CO2) removal capacity of commercial membrane lungs.
  • To determine the relationship between gas flow ratios and CO2 clearance.
  • To assess the potential for selective CO2 removal using ECMO systems.

Main Methods:

  • Four commercial membrane lungs were tested under standardized conditions.
  • CO2 removal was measured across varying gas to blood flow ratios.
  • Experimental setup focused on quantifying CO2 clearance efficiency.

Main Results:

  • CO2 clearance was found to be significantly higher than oxygen transfer, exceeding it by over 4 times at gas to blood flow ratios of 4:1 or 8:1.
  • CO2 clearance demonstrated less dependence on membrane surface area and device configuration compared to oxygen transfer.
  • The findings indicate that membrane lungs are highly efficient in removing CO2.

Conclusions:

  • Commercial membrane lungs possess a substantial capacity for CO2 removal, often surpassing their oxygenating capabilities.
  • ECMO systems can be effectively utilized for selective CO2 removal by adjusting gas flow rates.
  • The design and surface area of membrane lungs are less critical for CO2 clearance than for oxygen transfer, offering flexibility in therapeutic applications.