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Why do we fall into sync with others? Interpersonal synchronization and the brain's optimization principle.

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Interpersonal synchronization, like matching gait or clapping, may be explained by predictive coding and the Free Energy Principle. These theories suggest brains align actions to minimize prediction errors and achieve stable coordination.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Spontaneous interpersonal synchronization of rhythmic behaviors is common in human interactions.
  • Its role in social relationships and action understanding is significant.
  • The brain mechanisms underlying interpersonal coupling, potentially involving the mirror neuron system, are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose that predictive coding and the Free Energy Principle can explain interpersonal coordination dynamics.
  • To offer a theoretical framework for understanding the neural basis of synchronized behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical analysis integrating concepts from predictive coding and the Free Energy Principle.
  • Explanation of how neural computations support interpersonal synchronization.

Main Results:

  • The brain minimizes coding costs by reducing discrepancies between observed and self-generated motor behavior.
  • Continuous mutual prediction and alignment lead to the minimization of free energy.
  • This process results in a stable attractor state for interpersonal coordination.

Conclusions:

  • Predictive coding and the Free Energy Principle offer a viable framework for understanding interpersonal synchronization.
  • These principles explain how brains achieve stable coordination through mutual prediction and error reduction.